理查德·朱维尔的哀歌

《理查德朱维尔的哀歌》由美国导演克林特.伊斯特伍德所执导，上映于2019年的改编电影。

本片原型取自于1996年亚特兰大奥运爆炸案中发现炸弹装置的保安，他一直梦想着成为执法者。

在这次事件中他先是被嘉奖为梦寐以求的角色：人民的英雄，而后却被媒体诬陷为炸弹凶手的事件。

而在不断恶化的社会舆论中，他意识到自己所面对的不仅是公众的质疑，更是媒体和执法机构的联合阻力。

在这样重重困境中，他该如何破局？

本片开头即精准地刻画了一位在保守州成长的右翼白人男性。

从主角在一所学校中当保安，对学生进行训斥：告诫他们要遵守校园规定并对之保持敬意；到后来镜头一转，描绘了主角在南方广袤的靶场里练枪。

再到此后因为学生的投诉，校长把他叫到办公室批评说：现在的学生非常懂得维护自己的权益，你还是尽量不要惹是生非。

他答曰：我只知道应该遵守法律，遵守规则。

我们不应该挑衅它。

从这时刻即已经预示了后面的剧情的发展---这是一个哪怕受到执法机构不公正对待的，也会遵守其规定且对其保持敬意的秩序驯化者。

正是因为处于对秩序和规则的尊敬，才让理查德对于法律的执行者---警察，FBI保持憧憬。

然而，由于自身的体型以及能力问题，他并没有成功成为执法者。

在被学校解雇后，成为了亚特兰大奥运会的保安。

而整个奥运爆炸案的实质性内容在本片并不是重点。

在理查德发现炸弹后，他迅速被群众拥趸。

在一场媒体疯狂寻找热点进而促进销量的体育赛事中，真正的体育竞技反而显得无足轻重。

媒体要的只是热点，而不是实质性体育技巧的讨论。

所以炸弹案一出，理查德迅速的登上了各大媒体的头版头条。

此刻，风光无限，他终于成为了梦寐以求的人民英雄---“维护了秩序”。

理查德母亲热泪盈眶地说道：我亲爱的理查德，我真为你骄傲，我一直知道你能成功。

此后警方的调查却陷入了困境，在全国所有媒体的聚焦下，凶手却一直无法归案。

在不断的压力下，一名FBI探员肖恩开始对理查德起疑：是否整个爆炸案事件是他自己自导自演？

警方转而对这位“人民英雄”展开调查。

随着调查的深入，警方发现理查德的嫌疑越来越大：这是一位成年已久仍和母亲一起居住的男性---他可能有心理问题；他小时候为了炸鼹鼠制作过土制炸弹；理查德好几年没缴税了；理查德曾经假扮警察被逮捕；在学校当保安时经常被投诉；家里有手榴弹，哪怕它是空心的；他甚至保留了公园里的椅子碎片作为纪念。

种种迹象显示理查德有可能就是凶手。

此后的剧情发展才真正开始进入本片的主线。

亚特兰大宪章报的女记者凯西为了抢先在别的媒体前面获得独家信息，决定向FBI探员肖恩套话。

通过情色手段，肖恩把他们现在的调查进度告诉了女记者，并嘱咐她不要对公众公布。

可第二天亚特兰大宪章报的头版却是：英雄还是罪犯，爆炸案是理查德自导自演的？

此时，全国舆论哗然。

一夜之间，理查德从人民英雄变为众矢之的。

无数媒体将他家门口围得水泄不通---他们等待着FBI什么时候对理查德进行传讯，理查德什么时候会“自曝”。

而从未见过这种场面的“红脖”理查德顿时无法招架，只得打电话给曾经给他发广告的律师。

律师赶紧前往理查德家中，和他对接下的行动进行法律的准备，教他如何应对FBI的问话。

此后，FBI对理查德的“传讯”开始。

这其实并不是传讯，在实行普通法的美国，法治的重要基石之一即为无罪推定，只有在有决定性证据证明一个自然人是罪犯的情况下，才能对其进行逮捕。

而以肖恩为代表的FBI以诱导的方式，利用理查德对于执法者的崇拜，在假装对理查德进行一般问话时，支开他的律师，诱导他说出“我（理查德），是放置炸弹的人“，并对其秘密录音。

此后，利用这个“决定性证据”，对其发出逮捕令。

而此时，FBI对他家进行的无意义的地毯式搜索---拿走理查德母亲的睡衣裤与私人用品，只是为了搜出真正的决定性证据。

（因为他们自己心中知道自己的证据是假的，这是彻头彻尾的违法取证！

完全违反程序正义）而在这番令人受尽屈辱的对待中，理查德竟然极力配合，理由是肖恩探员对他说：你也知道我们执法者的苦衷，理查德回答说：是的，FBI的命令我是一定会遵守的。

他的律师对FBI这样的行为十分愤怒，对肖恩大吼到：你们可以对他进行调查，但是不可以侵犯他家庭的尊严！

而对于理查德本身，律师更是问道：你为什么不生气？

理查德答道：我只是一个法律的遵守者。

此后理查德被羁押，等待司法系统的正式起诉，而他的律师和律师助理想尽办法证明他是无罪的，而女记者凯西此时良心发现，计算了具体爆炸案的距离和时间，发现理查德根本不可能有机会作案。

而理查德的母亲此时在律师的帮助下，召开了新闻发布会，声泪俱下地控诉媒体的偏向报道，不实地指控自己的儿子。

令人动容。

而律师利用自己收集的证据和新闻发布会推翻了FBI的检控，最终理查德被无罪释放。

最后，在联邦调查局办公室里，肖恩对理查德说：“我知道是你干的，我一定会找到证据证明你是罪犯。

”而在这场风波的末尾，理查德终于进行了绝地反击---在经历了系统性的不公正对待后，他说道：我确实不是罪犯，如果你找到证据证明我当然不会反抗，前提是，真的证据。

这部影片在当下的美国语境中所敲响的警钟是振聋发聩的，但却遭到了社会舆论的冷遇。

单从所获得的奖项与评价就看的出来：烂番茄媒体评价73%，各大颁奖典礼也完全没有水花，美国把控着文化传播的左翼精英很明显地拒绝了这部电影。

这部电影更是被部分媒体攻击：片中所刻画的女记者凯西表现了导演本人“鲜明”的厌女立场，从而引发了媒体对于片中所触犯的性别政治雷区进行口诛笔伐。

抛开记者的性别不谈，单是从记者是否有权力通过其他不法手段获取信息来进行报道谈起。

奉行三权分立的美国，身为第四权的新闻权理应对司法，行政，立法进行制衡。

而片中所表现的非但不是新闻权对于司法权的制衡，反而是和司法权进行媾和，进而对于一个他们自己所不喜的普通右翼男性进行绞杀。

这是典型的精英话语权对于普通群众的压制。

媒体对于销量和点击量近乎病态的追逐，代表着他们完全对于自己职业操守和做人良心的嗤之以鼻。

而司法系统对于达成自己目的而完全不顾程序正义的行为，更是将美国宪法的基石视如粪土。

而在此时此刻的美国，这样一部影片更是警钟长鸣。

深挖这些所谓的主流媒体背后的财团：CNN，纽约时报，华盛顿邮报，MSBCN，NPR，Newsweek,大西洋月刊…会意识到媒体不过是左翼政治集团的打手和傀儡，只是为了自己的得势而进行的政治宣传。

而为达到目的无所不用其极：对右翼政治人物进行捏造攻击，诬陷。

2020年美国大选期间，华盛顿邮报（Washington Post）试图再现第二次水门事件，针对特朗普关于佐治亚州的投票问题录音进行编辑，想要描绘出一个试图作假改变选票的候选人形象。

对于特朗普本人更是直接写出一片特稿来对其进行许多不实的攻击，而在短短的一个月后，华盛顿邮报自己又悄无声息的刊登了一篇道歉文章：针对此前的一篇稿件针对特朗普先生的不实指控，以及“不小心”对录音文件进行编辑对民众进行了误导宣传表示歉意。

而华盛顿邮报这样的道歉行为实际上算十分罕见，更多的主流媒体，例如CNN，在BLM期间，对非裔美国人的犯罪行为，通过图片编辑将其肤色调亮成为白人；或是纽约时报明显采用的错误的数据误导读者；在此后却继续装聋作哑，假装无事发生。

对于群体陷入狂热，美国的右翼如同片中的理查德一样，是秩序的遵守者，即使这个系统秩序有一定争议。

当在媒体的煽动下，被迫卷进事件的主角，选择了法律的武器自证清白。

这是在系统内捍卫正义。

群体的狂热，激动是可以被理解的，因为绝大多数人没有选择权，是美国宣传机器下的产物。

但不管愤怒的群体也好，理性的个体也好，都是生活在系统下。

我们应该诉诸系统下的正当手段，这样才有助于一个良性的系统持续运转。

一个良性的系统是有自我纠正能力的，他可以进行新陈代谢，通过立法的手段来割掉癌变部位。

而通过激进左翼的街头手段，冲击的不仅是系统的病灶，更是将整个系统置于动荡之中。

而一旦良性的系统失灵，社会就会陷入不稳中，犯罪率会激升，而此时的左翼却根本没有能力对于这个失控的社会进行管制，左翼的本质其实就是只有破坏，从不治理。

对于一个满目疮痍的社会系统来说，这样做或许是最好的选择，而对于一个运转尚可的系统来讲，这样做只会给社会带来负面效应，进而导致众生的陨落，至于激进左翼背后的精英集团对摇摇欲坠的社会却毫不在意---激进集团只是他们夺权的手段。

而在当今的美国，由于左翼媒体占据舆论高地，天然地对于话语权进行垄断。

而越来越式微的右翼逐渐被隐形，2016年特朗普的上台左翼媒体被“惊吓”，高呼民粹主义的回归，美国右转。

而右转真正是从16年才开始的吗？

右翼被隐形了太久，没有媒体，没有大学教授，没有跨国公司，没有好莱坞……这是左翼精英长年累月对于这个右翼群体的刻意忽视，视而不见所造成的。

这部影片的主旨当然不是想还原当时爆炸案的完整细节，而是导演本人对于当下美国左翼的栽赃陷害进行反击：急速左转的好莱坞将政治正确奉为圭臬，打着人人都可以做自己的口号，在文化上越来越“多彩”的左倾主义宣传下，实际上是立场越发单一的政治审查。

硬汉不老，东木永远年轻。

克林特·伊斯特伍德马上就要90岁高龄了，成就他的，除了热血还有什么？

很难想象这位被影迷亲切称为“东木”的电影人依旧活跃在好莱坞一线。

他创作的作品中鲜有老年人的豁达、妥协、安逸，从新上映的《理查德·朱维尔的悲歌》来看，他还在与这个世界抗争。

也许是这个世界越来越快速地在丧失信念，像东木一样的“大龄”影人都在不约而同地用自己的方式“捍卫”回忆。

不管是马丁·斯科塞斯对漫威娱乐化电影的控诉，还是昆汀反类型地讲述着想象中的好莱坞荣光，这批经历过电影艺术辉煌的人对过往都有说不尽的故事。

要说斯科塞斯是用黑帮的史诗来重现往事，昆汀是用不按常理出牌兑现自己的内心，那么东木老爷子则是用辉煌和错乱让你记住已经变味的美国梦想。

回看他的从影经历，可以毫不客气地说：东木先生是好莱坞最后一位拥有理想主义的男人。

一、热血熟悉东木，大多人是从《荒野大镖客》开始的。

这部名列各大电影榜单前列的电影乍一看似乎并不那么显眼：典型的西部片结构——三位个性鲜明的牛仔，荒漠环境下的寻宝故事，枪战中的最终对决。

实话说，这和东木前期参演或者导演的众多电影一样，就是讲了一个精彩的故事。

它不像马丁·斯科塞斯的《愤怒的公牛》一样包含个人的斗志和社会问题，与科波拉所构建的黑帮史诗也不同，东木的选择更像是去构建一个男人真正的热血。

在《荒野大镖客》里面，他所饰演的老牛仔布兰迪并没有过多的主角光环，有被土匪在沙漠拖行暴晒，直至奄奄一息的时候，也有被迫参军，为了保命守住秘密的小心思。

但在最后，他能在对决中活下来，叼着烟斗拿着财宝策马离开。

这种刺激男性荷尔蒙的角色，让《荒野大镖客》中油画色彩的画面与意式新浪潮的故事实现完整统一，在观看中也显得没那么突兀了。

之后，他导演并主演的《不可饶恕》中，他将孤胆英雄的思想带入了这部电影中，并且用男性的方式打破了西部片的传统，告诉我们真正的热血是什么样的。

这部电影中的东木前半生是有名的杀手，遇到爱人后隐居乡下，看透世事之后对于爱人的离去和生活的打击都默默接受，但遇见不公时还是会拾起放下的枪。

不同于以“正义”为核心的西部片，东木先生的作品是对于西部片反讽，当我们崇拜英雄时很难想象到他背后背负的压力，英雄牛仔也是需要生活的凡人，我们对这种人物的惯性思维标签其实都得不到人物本身的赞同。

拔枪的动作很帅，但耍帅的牛仔还有儿女要养，这是《不可饶恕》的特色，也是东木老爷子塑造的英雄形象不空洞的原因。

他似乎是在为那些外面风光无限，实则黯然神伤的男性们发声，最后告诉你这就是英雄。

这样的东木，谁不喜欢呢？

青春不再，迟暮到来，你的血还能重新沸腾吗？

你还能为了某些东西殊死战斗吗吗？

东木用一部《老爷车》告诉我们，照样可以。

他饰演的老兵沃尔特曾在朝鲜战场上厮杀过，年老之后独居于亚洲移民区。

在里，他和苗族姑娘苏成为了朋友，对苏想要偷车的弟弟涛循循善诱，劝阻他不要受到当地苗族黑帮的影响。

到最后因为姐弟俩的家被黑帮报复，姐姐更是被凌辱，沃尔特便放下温柔，拾起那份老战士的热血，拿起枪，像一个牛仔一样站在了黑帮面前。

男人的热血，不仅为了自己，更是为了自己深爱的人。

二、温情光有热血的男性那是一介莽夫，内涵温情，这才是男人的表现。

不管是亲情、爱情、师徒情还是友情，东木的作品都告诉了你感情之于男人的价值。

在《完美的世界》中，不管是越狱的布奇还是小男孩菲利普，两人曾都缺乏父爱。

惟一的区别是时间上的差异，布奇幼时丧失的父爱让他走上了一条歪路，在抢劫商场，越狱的途中，他对别人似乎是冷漠的，面对妈妈因为怕孩子把新车弄脏而打骂孩子，爷爷嫌孙子动作慢而对孙子抬手时，布奇都表现出了非一般的厌恶，这似乎和他越狱逃犯的身份有很大不符。

这种矛盾式的体现是大家被最终结局所打动的一个重要原因，但这种基于幼时伤害而幻化出的内心善意，则是布奇这个男人真正动人的地方。

除了善意，男性的魅力还体现在感情里的爱情，但在《廊桥遗梦》中的爱情却是不容易被世人所接受的，一段关于婚外恋的爱情，可是东木先生对于婚姻的探讨在这部电影里面却表现的异常舒适，因为他是在讲述每一段婚姻关系都能被感受的问题：婚姻关系只是一种社会关系的维系，当你面对一段新的轰轰烈烈的爱情时，你还可以重新选择吗？

电影中女主角弗朗西丝卡回忆到，当初答应丈夫的爱情时，也是一脸幸福，到一个友好的小镇，带着平淡生活的憧憬，却渐渐成为一个为琐事烦恼的家庭主妇，她感到枯燥、无聊、无奈，却无法与丈夫分享，因为这很难说出口。

婚姻关系只是一种社会关系的维系，当你面对一段新的轰轰烈烈的爱情时，选择的权力还真的存在吗？

这不仅是女性要面对的事，更是作为社会主导力量的男性需要去好好思考的，正如电影中东木饰演的摄影师罗伯特，他曾经历婚姻的失败，长期四处游走，他见多识广，风趣幽默，遇见自己的倾心之后发现其已有所属，这是属于男性的无奈，但不尽人意的感情反而将婚姻的枷锁排除在外，而显得如此美好，男性的感情不易过满，留下的空白正好是填充自己理智想法的空间，这是东木老爷子教给我们的：爱情很美，感受就好了。

有了亲情、爱情，当然还有说不出的感情。

在《百万美元宝贝》中，东木饰演的拳击教练法兰基在拳场上战绩辉煌但与自己的女儿关系不佳，他寄给女儿的信一封封被退回，年迈的法兰基内心是相当落寞的，直到他遇见了为生活所困但想要打拳的麦琪，31岁高龄，有着破烂不堪的家庭，但为了心中的一份梦想再次踏上拳击场。

法兰基被麦琪打动，开始教授她，在这个过程中，他似乎将麦琪当成了家人，一步步引导她。

可当麦琪被使黑手，高位截瘫，以至于腿部囊肿切除小腿，再也没办法踏上拳台并想自杀时，法兰基同意了帮助她自杀的请求，缓慢拔下她的呼吸管，爱她，所以尊重她的意愿。

这是一种慈祥的爱，超越了感情。

也是一种对他人的责任。

这才是男人真正伟大的感情。

三、态度

进入70岁之后的东木老爷子开始跳出以往的“牛仔精神”电影，更多的关注人文方面。

这其中包含有战争反思的《硫磺岛的家书》，将战争片脱离出战争的胜负方单纯看待其中对人的影响；有讲述狙击手为战友重新踏上战场的《美国狙击手》，以此来说明战争对于个人生活的影响，为老兵发声；有用真实故事改编的老机长沉着应对飞行事故的《萨利机长》，对于不公的指责做出自己正确的辩护；还有最近上映的《理查德·朱维尔的悲歌》，说明媒体的乌合对于一位普通人造成了的难以愈合的伤害。

这些，是一位老人在经历过世事之后对于整个世界的态度。

更是东木老爷子作为老牛仔的人文关怀。

作为一位美国人，在他的身上，美国精神中那种牛仔式的力量体现的淋漓尽致。

硬汉不老，东木永远年轻，愿我们还能看到更多东木先生的电影。

在我的观影序列里，这应该是老头百万美元宝贝以后最好的一部作品，也是可以提前排进我今年个人观影十佳的电影。

毫无疑问离90周岁还差1年4个月的伊斯特伍德依然有着旺盛的创作欲，而创作于最直接的来源便是他的愤怒，愤怒来源就是他老右棍的政治立场。

在好莱坞整体左倾的现实情况下，右翼电影越来越被压制，像约翰韦恩那种说不好就干的演员也在好莱坞销声匿迹。

政治正确成为好莱坞自我审查的最大门槛，过了这道门槛电影的上映才有可能。

在拍《被拯救的姜戈》时候，小李子因为说不出“尼格”这个词，电影整体进度被拖慢，吉米福克斯和塞缪尔杰克逊轮流劝，小李子也表示对黑兄弟说不出这个词。

最后在昆汀的授意下塞缪尔对小李子说：“你特么说了也没关系，我和你也特么不是朋友。

”以后，小李子才勉为其难的完成影片拍摄。

好莱坞整体左转的同时也让文化在肤色表达上越来越多彩，但在立场表达上越来越单一。

2019年在艺术上有卓越表达并且重新定义了特写镜头的《小丑》拿下了威尼斯，但是在左轨道奔跑的好莱坞里，可以看到《小丑》基本上与奥斯卡最佳导演和最佳影片无缘了。

话说回来，在好莱坞压抑了那么久的老爷子拍完《骡子》以后总算逮到了一个机会拍了《理查德朱维尔的哀歌》，千载难逢的机会老头的红脖子能不亮一亮么，压了那么久的恶气能不吐一吐么。

无论是什么电影，基底都应该是对人道主义的体现，对良知的赞美、对真相的挖掘和对丑恶的咒骂，而应不是立场的左右，《理查德朱维尔的哀歌》首先表达的第一层就是电影的基底。

电影中的初始事件就是朱维尔的善举，因为一次英勇的拯救才导致了后续诬陷构害的发生，而组成构害朱维尔网的主要有三个节点，一个节点是查尔斯格林饰演的克里尔博士，另一个节点是王尔德饰演的斯克鲁格斯，最后一个节点是乔恩哈姆饰演的肖探员，而他也是整个织网的中心，肖探员从得到朱维尔可能是凶手的信息之后与高级知识分子苟合，到放出消息与新闻媒体互为苟合。

三点构成大网一点点的覆盖在理查德朱维尔的身上，而保护理查德朱维尔并且最终破局的尖刀则是山姆洛克威尔饰演的沃森律师，不断挖掘真相，信任朱维尔并引导他建立起自我成长的弧光。

抛开影片里所体现出人的良知，另一个层面上电影表现的也是高知加媒体加体制所联立的精英阶层对于普通红脖子的迫害。

红脖子是最初南方开垦美国的普通农民们，他们在烈日下勤作、山野中拓荒，是着构建美国最基础的价值观之一。

红脖子最不能忍受便是对自我领地的侵犯，是对个人尊严的折辱。

在决斗之风盛行的19世纪，因为一个眼神不对，红脖子们都会拉开场地干一架，当时有记者曾经说过“在南方找不到一个没有决斗过的议员”。

而电影中FBI不仅侵犯了朱维尔的土地也折辱了他的尊严。

在朱维尔一次又一次配合调查，家中的器物一件被一件搬出的时候，沃森律师才会发火大吼：“你不能被侵犯尊严。

”这一句嘶吼也是最直接体现导演自我表达的台词。

而种种屈辱的积压之后，朱维尔才在联邦调查局的办公室里里对肖探员绝地反击。

跳脱出电影来看好莱坞现况，引领好莱坞向左跑的正是编剧所代表的高级知识分子精英阶层，而社会中白左们的主要口舌也正是各大新闻报纸媒体们，并且这一切都是体制默许甚至主导的。

所以老爷子要在电影里特别讽刺的出现一个蠢蛋克里尔博士，要在剧中特别政治不正确构建一个与探员性交易的女记者，要在反派中塑造一个特别狠毒主导迫害行为的联邦探员。

从《百万美元宝贝》阴险的“来自东德的妓女”到《理查德朱维尔的哀歌》里“我们（苏联）的政府认为这个人是有罪的，那么他就是清白的。

”伊斯特伍德在电影里表现自己的立场也是时时刻刻，作为2019年末一部老右政治不正确电影，《朱维尔》的表现堪称优秀。

《理查德朱维尔的哀歌》是老爷子的一击勾拳，90岁的老人依然如此愤怒、如此发声，对比之下某些导演年纪轻轻就开始喝养生茶、佛系表达了，实在令人可惜。

后记：1，对于这片子的喜爱与打分是特别出自私人感情的，爱吃甜甜圈的胖子不就是我么，不拒绝任何美食不也是我么。

从电影中朱维尔蠢蠢的跑来跑去让大家疏散开始，自己的眼泪就止不住的流，到最后朱维尔吃着甜甜圈泣不成声的时候，自己的情绪也随着崩溃了。

感谢伊斯特伍德，在新年开始就让我看到了那么好的电影。

2，凯西贝茨看的时候就感觉肯定可以拿个表演奖，回来一看果然拿了个金球奖提名，还中了一个评论协会奖。

所以说演员的表演一部分看自己一部分看导演，表演效果比美国恐怖故事高到不知道哪里去了。

彩蛋： 1999年6月，披露朱厄尔是作案者的两名记者斯克鲁格斯(Kathy Scruggs)和马茨(Ron Martz)因拒绝透露消息来源而被起诉。

Watson生气的对Jewell说，这些破事怎么就不会让你像我这样气急败坏。

Jewell当然生气，甚至不会有人比他更生气，但他就是不会将气愤表现出来。

他两次捂住胸口甚至都没人看见，导演用片尾字幕44岁死于心脏病轻描淡写的呼应，更让他的人生令人扼腕。

Richard Jewell是个好人，彻头彻尾的好人，但人好的太彻底，就变成了烂好人。

而烂好人的最大特点就是替一切人着想，对一切人解释一切人的行为原因。

他向来抄家的警察解释东西的用处，引来Watson的白眼；对母亲解释FBI行为的原因，遭到母亲的呵斥；甚至在因电视音量过大和母亲争执，导致母亲走到厕所哭泣的时候，还要和其他人解释，母亲哭泣的原因。

他在自己糟透了的情况下，还在为让一切人能更好的理解眼前的事物而操心。

最让人窒息的不是黑暗，而是身处黑暗中的无力感。

母亲哭着从厕所出来，不是埋怨儿子对自己大小声，而是哭诉自己不知道怎么从这些人中保护儿子。

这是无能为力的绝望。

Kathy原本是个很有张力的角色，但没有设置好。

她转变的有些生硬，前期太过强硬和不择手段，后期又突然变得怜悯和多愁善感。

其实对于记者来说，第一手资料相当重要，当她得知FBI的调查对象时候，马上惊呼对就是他，我怎么没想到。

是因为的确Jewell的一切背景资料太像会这样做的人。

记者的第一职责就是报道真相。

所以她的问题不在于是否报道，而在于她如何认定真相。

她用逻辑可能推导真相属于判断能力的范畴，这和单纯的为了出名而捏造事实是不同的。

因此如果前期少些张扬，后期省去眼泪。

会让人减少一些恶的既定印象。

我觉得这样更好是因为，对比于因恶而受害，因主观非恶而造成重大伤害，更值得我们思考。

更能让人们在做出判断前更加谨慎。

在给Jewell送将他剔除出调查对象的通知时，Shaw警官依然认为Jewell就是罪犯。

他为什么这么认定？

我的感觉，是他将Jewell是调查对象透露出去的，这是严重违纪的事情。

因此在他的心理判定上，只要将罪行坐实，Jewell就是罪犯。

他还能自我安慰，我至少透露出去的是事实。

但如果不是，那他不单是泄密，还是错的。

他可能接受不了。

因此原本应该不带任何倾向性的调查，变成了想方法坐实罪行。

所以就这么一次天雷勾地火的冲动，就让一个可能原本非恶的记者，和原本可能非恶的警察，变成了恶的最大推手。

结尾，启动调查88天后，Richard Jewell被排除出调查名单，并在6年后彻底洗清。

但依然让人耿耿于怀。

并非只是他的英年早逝。

还有就是，Who Cares？

对所有人来说Richard Jewell就是一个三十多岁了还和母亲住在一起的肥宅保安。

是茶余饭后的谈资，而对于他被打得稀烂的生活，有谁在乎吗。

花絮：1.Bobbi Jewell要求将Kenny Rogers的音乐会包含在电影中，她是他的忠实粉丝。

2.影片中音乐会和爆炸现场的拍摄地点，就是当时的亚特兰大百年奥林匹克公园的原始事件地点。

3.Paul Walter Hauser为了这个角色增重25磅。

4.剧本的素材来源包括一本叫《嫌疑人》（The Suspect）的书，是由时任佐治亚州北部地区美国检察官肯特·亚历山大 (Kent Alexander) 和1990年代《华尔街日报》(Wall Street Journal) 驻亚特兰大编辑凯文·萨尔文 (Kevin Salwen) 撰写的。

记者 Kathy Scruggs 从未透露过她的消息来源。

但《嫌疑人》中指向的是首席联邦调查局特工唐·约翰逊（Don Johnson）。

在电影中，首席联邦调查局特工汤姆·肖（Tom Shaw）是虚构的名字。

5.Leonardo DiCaprio和Jonah Hill曾在某个时间点作为Watson和Richard的扮演者进入计划，但最终未能成型。

不过他俩依然都是本片的执行制片。

6.爆炸后电视采访中的Richard Jewell是现实的Richard Jewell，只是声音被Paul Walter Hauser的所取代。

7.本片因描写Kathy Scruggs是通过性服务以换取情报而备受指责。

现实中，没有证据表明她这么做了。

8.现实中，记者Kathy Scruggs一直与抑郁症与成瘾症作斗争，她于2001年因药物过量去世。

年届九十的东木导演最近十年里的作品基本上都是人物传记题材，从总统到飞机师，从狙击手到毒贩，再到这部新作里的平民英雄。

他总能在真实人物的生平故事里提炼出最震撼的闪光点，从而提升整部传记片的表现层次，以及凸显出发人深省的现实诉求，这部新作自然也不例外。

一位平民英雄对抗政府与媒体的事件可以有不少表现角度，而导演采用最平铺直叙的方式依然散发出扣人心弦的魅力。

滴水不漏的叙事手法令观众看得屏息静气，爆炸案发生的场景段落拍出了希区柯克式的胆战心惊气氛，群像速写与镜头捕捉，以及精准的场面调度让人惊叹。

除了深厚的导演功力外，自然还少不了一众演技出色的演员支撑起这个剧本。

尽管人物塑造局限于真实性而有脸谱化的嫌疑，比如像女记者和联邦探员，却仍能在某几场关键的段落中传达出发人深省的意味。

奥斯卡女主角凯西·贝茨扮演的母亲角色最为真挚感人，她的绝望、愤怒、伤感情绪都表现得丝丝入扣，尤其是在记者会上的讲话令人忍不住泪流满面。

回到影片主题上，这部新片跟《萨利机长》有不少共通之处，借助这位平民英雄为自己平反冤屈的事件过程中不断质疑政府权力的正义与合理性。

一个清白无辜的平民百姓可以被怀疑是十恶不赦的罪犯，还被用尽各种手段（诱骗、骚扰与监听）来套取证据以便定罪控告。

与其说这是司法部门工作中的漏洞，倒不如说是公权力对人民的蔑视，用影片中角色的一句台词来概括：我害怕政府更甚于恐怖分子。

主人公一直在为这种权力辩护，甚至主动配合，深信自身清白便能脱身，直至最后才明白要主动出击对抗蛮横的权力才能平反正名。

除了公权力之外，剧中主人公还要面对追求关注度的媒体，他和家人的生活逐渐陷于媒体曝光和骚扰的漩涡里。

剧本透过刻画女记者这个具有反派意味的角色，导演不留情面地对编造不实消息新闻的媒体予以强力抨击。

在互联网信息泛滥的时代，越来越多的媒体不惜编造新闻博取读者眼球和点击量，甚至虚构故事而对新闻当事人造成不可估量的打击和影响。

发生在20多年前的这个事件却早已透露出如此远见，足可令人反思新闻媒体的本质。

本文发表于《上海电视》2020年1月某期。

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-光看电影介绍，就知道《理查德·朱维尔的哀歌》和克林特·伊斯特伍德之前的《萨利机长》是一模一样的叙事路线，于是观影时我就默默等待被权力阶层诬陷的“一日英雄”朱维尔最后的爆发与逆袭，剧情果然和我的猜想一致。

但萨利机长是汤姆·汉克斯饰演的中产精英，而朱维尔却是失意、志坚的白人贫民，这就使人在观影体验和内涵获取方面产生差别。

朱维尔从外貌到言谈都看起来智力不高，但善良淳朴，毫不让人讨厌，甚至可能生出几分保护欲，所以会令山姆·洛克威尔饰演的律师布莱恩特和凯西·贝茨饰演的母亲——本片演技动人的两位——深深爱惜他，观众也认同他不会是反社会的炸弹投放者，希望看到政府和媒体还他一个清白。

但朱维尔本人却是以保护他人为己任的理想青年。

电影从一开始就塑造出他相信公共权力机构、完全按章程办事、老实到死板、忠于职守的性格特质，这既是他丢掉包括警察职位在内的一系列工作的原因，也是他发现炸弹的原因，甚至是他不受某些人欢迎并遭到联邦调查局怀疑的原因之一。

这样一个人对权威机构从完全服帖到不再相信的转变过程，作为伊斯特伍德反体制思路采用的活体例证，就十分有力。

布莱恩特的立场，或许是伊斯特伍德本人的侠义牛仔派头，专业扎实，善待弱者，自由散漫，捍卫正义。

他的感情戏拍得淡而合理，女秘书一开始看不上他懒散颓废、不思进取的现状，朱维尔案唤醒他一贯反权威的斗志、保护无辜者的良知和正义感、作为普通人的生命力，而心怀正义、爱慕英雄的秘书自然爱上他，与之组建幸福家庭。

看，这依然是大男子老牛仔的思维。

另一个女性，以身体换信息的野心勃勃女记者，王尔德演来熟门熟路。

她发现如此简单就能证明朱维尔清白无辜之后，在新闻发布会留下忏悔眼泪，与其说是老牛仔的败笔，不如说是老牛仔对那种想当男人的蠢女人根深蒂固的大男子思维。

更愚蠢的当然是唯“自我”独尊的联邦调查局探员，他死揪朱维尔不放多少有点为自己在场却没发现炸弹一事找回颜面的心理。

想反，智力不高的朱维尔的独立思考能力竟被高压激活了，律师眼里的不懂事小孩子，忽然不再“为体制着想”，能够理直气壮为自己着想，走出那个禁锢他思想的房间。

至此，在《萨利机长》之后，将匕首投向更为广目标——政府机构和全媒体——的老牛仔，也完成了他的又一次政治呼吁。

《理查德朱维尔的哀歌》个人观影随笔，欢迎理性讨论，不喜勿喷 东木老爷子都快90岁了，还能拍出这样的电影，实在是令人敬佩，说来很奇怪，每次看老爷子的电影，不管是他主演还是他导演都特别稳，他拍的东西充满了一种沧桑感，对这个世界的理解和认知总是多了一层长辈的语境。

之前他拍的《萨利机长》，《换子疑云》，《骡子》都是根据真人真事改编的，似乎老爷子对现实世界有很多话想说，不管愤怒，还是感动，这些电影都代表了一种态度，或左或右，我看短评里有些人说女权人士不喜欢，说老爷子是保守派等等，好吧，这些声音当然可以有，我却有不同的看法，不过保留吧，每个人都有自己都意见，只是电影怎么拍，他只是针对角色，就像昆汀拍《好莱坞往事》，有时候界限和创作是矛盾的，大家变得严肃谨慎，在这种只有一个声音的地方，我已经受够了冠冕堂皇和条条框框，希望能有个平衡吧，不敢说了。

说说电影吧，朱维尔的演员演出了很多角色内在的东西，把一个普普通通有缺点的人刻画的惟妙惟肖，当角色不听律师的话喃喃自语时，甚至真的有种想让他闭嘴的冲动，当然越是这样想，越是因为演得传神，还有律师山姆，他的很多角色都没什么区别，从最早看他的《月球》，《火柴人》到《三块广告牌》，好像都是一种人，不过很喜欢这种表演风格，有点痞痞的，目中无人的样子，很有个人魅力的演员。

看完电影后，我一直在想，如果我是理查德朱维尔，该如何为自己辩护？

好人尽责值守，挽救生命却成了被告人，这种让好人蒙冤的情节，咱这也有，不过不能说，我可能会哭，会委屈，会咆哮，可我却不知道怎么表达，理查德朱维尔在最后对着联邦调查员说的话，其实比任何辩护都有力量，东木老爷子也在讽刺这些人，不过FBI和记者这两个角色，个人感觉不够立体，太脸谱化了，或许出了这种恐怖袭击事件，不管什么制度，都会有不负责任的各种坏人，这只跟人性有关！

On July 30, 1996, the media identified Richard Jewell as the F.B.I.'s prime suspect in the Olympic Park bombing. For the first time, the 34-year-old security guard tells his extraordinary story, to MARIE BRENNER: his brief moment as a national hero, his hounding by the Feds and the press, and his eccentric friendship with the unknown southern lawyer who helped him through his public torment.FEBRUARY 1997 MARIE BRENNERDAN WINTERSThe search warrant was short and succinct, dated August 3, 9:41 A.M. F.B.I. special agent Diader Rosario was instructed to produce "hair samples (twenty-five pulled and twenty-five combed hairs from the head)" of Richard Allensworth Jewell. That Saturday, Atlanta was humid; the temperature would rise to 85 degrees. There were 34 Olympic events scheduled, including women's team handball, but Richard Jewell was in his mother's apartment playing Defender on a computer set up in the spare bedroom. Jewell hadn't slept at all the night before, or the night before that. He could hear the noise from the throng of reporters massed on the hill outside the small apartment in the suburbs. All morning long, he had been focused on the screen, trying to score off "the little guy who goes back and forth shooting the aliens," but at 12:30 the sound of the telephone disturbed his concentration. Very few people had his new number, by necessity unlisted. Since the F.B.I. had singled him out as the Olympic Park bombing suspect three days earlier, Jewell had received approximately 1,000 calls a day—someone had posted his mother's home number on the Internet."I'll be right over," his lawyer Watson Bryant told him. "They want your hair, they want your palm prints, and they want something called a voice exemplar—the goddamn bastards." The curtains were drawn in the pastel apartment filled with his mother's crafts and samplers; A HOME WITHOUT A DOG IS JUST A HOUSE, one read. By this time Bryant had a system. He would call Jewell from his car phone so that the door could be unlatched and Bryant could avoid the questions from the phalanx of reporters on the hill.Turning into the parking lot in a white Explorer, Bryant could see sound trucks parked up and down Buford Highway. The middle-class neighborhood of apartment complexes and shopping centers was near the DeKalb Peachtree Airport, where local millionaires kept their private planes. The moment Bryant got out of his car, the reporters began to shout: "Hey, Watson, do they have the murderer?" "Are they arresting Jewell?" Bryant moved quickly toward the staircase to the Jewells' apartment. He wore a baseball cap, khaki shorts, and a frayed Brooks Brothers polo shirt. He was 45 years old, with strong features and thinning hair, a southern preppy from a country-club family. Bryant had a stern demeanor lightened by a contrarian's sense of the absurd. He was often distracted—from time to time he would miss his exits on the highway—and he had the regional tendency of defining himself by explaining what he was not. "I am not a Democrat, because they want your money. I am not a Republican, because they take your rights away," he told me soon after I met him. Bryant can talk your ear off about the Bill of Rights, ending with a flourish: "I think everyone ought to have the right to be stupid. I am a Libertarian."At the time Richard Jewell was named as a suspect by the F.B.I., Watson Bryant made a modest living by doing real-estate closings in the suburbs, but Jewell and his lawyer had formed an unusual friendship a decade earlier, when Jewell worked as a mailroom clerk at a federal disaster-relief agency where Bryant practiced law. Jewell was then a stocky kid without a father, who had trained as an auto mechanic but dreamed of being a policeman; Bryant had always had a soft spot for oddballs and strays, a personality quirk which annoyed his then wife no end.The serendipity of this friendship, an alliance particularly southern in its eccentricity, would bring Watson Bryant to the immense task of attempting to save Richard Jewell from the murky quagmire of a national terrorism case. The simple fact was that Bryant had no qualifications for the job. He had no legal staff except for his assistant, Nadya Light, no contacts in the press, and no history in Washington. He was the opposite of media-savvy; he rarely read the papers and never watched the nightly news, preferring the Discovery Channel's shows on dog psychology. Now that Richard Jewell was his client, he had entered a zone of worldwide media hysteria fraught with potential peril. Jewell suspected that his pickup truck had been flown in a C-130 transport plane to the F.B.I. unit at Quantico in Virginia, and Bryant worried that his friend would be arrested any minute. Worse, Bryant knew that he had nothing going for him, no levers anywhere. His only asset was his personality; he had the bravado and profane hyperbole of a southern rich boy, but he was in way over his head.For hours that Saturday, Bryant and Jewell sat and waited for the F.B.I. From time to time Jewell would put binoculars under the drawn curtain in his mother's bedroom to peer at the reporters on the hill. Bryant was nervous that Jewell's mother, Bobi, would return from baby-sitting and see her son having hairs pulled out of his head. Bryant stalked around the apartment complaining about the F.B.I. "The sons of bitches did not show up until three P.M.," he later recalled, and when they did, there were five of them. The F.B.I. medic was tall and muscular and wore rubber gloves. He asked Jewell to sit at a small round table in the living room, where his mother puts her holiday-theme displays. Bryant stood by the sofa next to a portrait of Jewell in his Habersham County deputy's uniform. He watched the F.B.I. procedure carefully. The medic, who had huge hands, used tiny drugstore tweezers. "He eyeballed his scalp and took his hair in sections. First he ran a comb through it, and then he took these hairs and plucked them out one by one."Jewell "went stone-cold," but Bryant could not contain his temper. "I am his lawyer. I know you can have this, I know you have a search warrant, but I tell you this: If you were doing this to me, you would have to fight me. You would have to beat the shit out of me," Bryant recalled telling the case agent Ed Bazar. Bazar, Bryant later said, was apologetic. "He seemed almost embarrassed to be there." As he counted out the hairs, he placed them in an envelope. The irony of the situation was not lost on Bryant. He was a lawyer, an officer of the court, but he had a disdain for authority, and he was representing a former deputy who read the Georgia law code for fun in his spare time.It took 10 minutes to pluck Jewell's thick auburn hair. Then the F.B.I. agents led him into the kitchen and took his palm prints on the table. "That took 30 minutes, and they got ink all over the table," Bryant said. Then Bazar told Bryant they wanted Jewell to sit on the sofa and say into the telephone, "There is a bomb in Centennial Park. You have 30 minutes." That was the message given by the 911 caller on the night of the bombing. He was to repeat the message 12 times. Bryant saw the possibility of phony evidence and of his client's going to jail. "I said, 'I am not sure about this. Maybe you can do this, maybe you can't, but you are not doing this today.'"All afternoon, Jewell was strangely quiet. He had a sophisticated knowledge of police work and believed, he later said, "they must have had some evidence if they wanted my hair. ... I knew their game was intimidation. That is why they brought five agents instead of two." He felt "violated and humiliated," he told me, but he was passive, even docile, through Bryant's outburst. He thought of the bombing victims— Alice Hawthorne, the 44-year-old mother from Albany, Georgia, at the park with her stepdaughter; Melih Uzunyol, the Turkish cameraman who died of a heart attack; the more than 100 people taken to area hospitals, some of whom were his friends. "I kept thinking, These guys think I did this. These guys were accusing me of murder. This was the biggest case in the nation and the world. If they could pin it on me, they were going to put me in the electric chair."I met Richard Jewell three months later, on October 28, a few hours before a press conference called by his lawyers to allow Jewell to speak publicly for the first time since the F.B.I. had cleared him. Jewell's lawyers also intended to announce that they would file damage suits against NBC and The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. It was a Monday, and that weekend the local U.S. attorney had delivered a letter to one of the lawyers stating Jewell was no longer a suspect. "Goddamn it," Bryant had told me on the phone, "the sons of bitches did not even have the decency to address it to Richard Jewell."I had been instructed to come early to the offices of Wood & Grant, the flashy plaintiff lawyers Bryant had pulled in to help him with Jewell's civil suits. When I arrived, I was alone in the office with Sharon Anderson, the redheaded assistant answering the phones. "Wood & Grant . . . Wood & Grant . . . Wood & Grant"—the calls overwhelmed her. Lin Wood and Wayne Grant were rushing from CNN to the local NBC and ABC affiliates, working the shows. "Everyone has theories of who the real bomber is," Sharon said. "I just write it all down and give it to the boys."When Lin Wood arrived, he was still in full makeup. Movie-star handsome with green eyes and styled hair, Wood has the heated oratory of a trial lawyer. "It's a war! Why in this bevy of stories does not anyone point out the fact that Richard was a hero one day and a demon the next? They have destroyed this man's life!"Watson Bryant had worked with Wood and Grant years before in a local law firm. He admired Wayne Grant for his methodical sense of detail; Grant, a New Yorker, had once forced the city of Atlanta to pay large damages to a man injured while illegally digging for antique bottles in a park. But Lin Wood's suppressed rage was a marvel to Bryant. "He is so tough he could make people cry in depositions when we were kids," Bryant told me. Wood possessed the smooth style of a member of the Atlanta establishment, but he had a hardscrabble past. He was a boy from "the wrong side of the tracks" in Macon who at age 17 discovered his mother's body after his father had murdered her. His father went to jail, and Wood wound up as a lawyer. He went through college and law school on scholarships and with part-time jobs. I could hear Wood on Sharon's telephone: "He's more than innocent. He's a goddamn hero. . . . Everyone is going to pay who wronged Richard Jewell. Besides NBC and The A.J.C., we are going to look into suing CNN and Jay Leno."Through the large picture window, I had a clear view of the remains of the Centennial Olympic Park, where the bomb had exploded on the night of July 26. Where the sound-and-light tower had once been, there was now a flattened dirt field. It was possible to see the Greek commemorative sculpture that Richard Jewell used to describe for tourists at the AT&T pavilion, where he worked as a security guard.Suddenly, Jewell was in the room. "Hi. I'm Richard. I'm a little late. I don't want you to think I am rude. I am not like that." He had an open face, a bland pleasantness, an eagerness to please. "Can I get you a Coke?" he asked me. "How about some coffee?" Jewell wore a blue-and-white striped shirt and chinos. He occupied physical space like a teenager; he sprawled, he lumbered, he pawed through Sharon's candy bowl. On TV his face had a porcine blankness; he appeared suspicious. In person, Jewell has a hard time disguising his emotions.We were alone in the conference room; I noticed that Jewell avoided looking out the window toward the park. He shifted his glance nervously away from the view. He often awakens in the middle of the night, drenched in sweat, thinking of the events in the park in the early morning hours of July 27. "It took me days before I could even come in here," he said anxiously.The newsroom atmosphere resembled that at F.B.I. headquarters; there was a frenzy to be first.When Jewell noticed a local ABC reporter outside near Sharon's desk, his face darkened. "I don't want to be around reporters right now. I guess I am a little nervous. What is he doing here?" The atmosphere was now filled with tension; the reporter was escorted out.Moments later, we gathered in the hallway. Wood was steely: "We are going in two cars. Richard, you drive with me. Your mother will go with Wayne. As we walk down the hall right now, if the ABC people are outside, I will tap you on the shoulder and I will say, 'How are you doing?' You will say, 'Fine.' Is that understood?" "O.K., Lin. I understand," Jewell said quietly, head bowed.As Jewell walked down the hall, an ABC cameraman photographed him looking grim. Seconds after the elevator doors closed, Jewell exploded: "What are they doing here, Lin? Did you invite them? They are animals. Why didn't you get them out of here?""ABC has been good to you. How do I get them out of the office on the day of your press conference?""That is what security is for!" Jewell said, quivering with rage. "Where is Watson?" he asked in the garage. "I told you: he's at a real-estate closing. He will meet you at the press conference," Wood said. Jewell moved to his mother's side, as solicitous as a child. "Are you all right, Mother?" he asked. "It is all I am going to be able to do not to do something!" she said angrily.When we arrived at the Marriott hotel on 1-75, there was another discussion in the parking lot, about who would walk with whom in front of the cameras. Jewell turned to his close friend Dave Dutchess: "Are you all right, man?" Dutchess, a truckdriver who worked with Jewell years ago, has long hair and a tattoo of a panther on his forearm. "Richard and I are like brothers," he told me. "I would die for him." As the cameras closed in on them, the group fled to a private room in the Marriott. The auditorium was filled with reporters. "Showtime! Showtime!" the cameramen yelled when Jewell, his mother, and all the lawyers took the stage."I hope and pray that no one else is ever subjected to the pain and the ordeal that I have gone through," Jewell said, his voice breaking. "The authorities should keep in mind the rights of the citizens. I thank God it is ended and that you now know what I have known all along: I am an innocent man."After the press conference, Bobi and Richard Jewell remained in a private room. The bookers from Good Morning America and the Today show pressed Jewell to step before their cameras, and when Watson Bryant told them no, Monica, the G.M.A. booker, began to cry, "I'll lose my job." Then Yael, the Today-show booker, cornered Nadya Light: "Is Richard doing something with G.M.A.?'Upstairs, Jewell and his mother were being filmed by a CBS camera crew for a 60 Minutes news update. "Well, Bobi, did you get your Tupperware back?" Mike Wallace asked by phone from New York. "Richard, you need to lose some more weight." Despite Wallace's festive spirit, the atmosphere was curiously flat. Bryant urged Jewell to talk to a USA Today reporter. Jewell balked: "They can all go suck wind."In the car on the way back to Wood & Grant, Bobi was angry. All of her possessions had come back from the F.B.I. marked up with ink. "Every piece of Tupperware I own is ruined, thank you very much. They wrote numbers all over it, and I have tried everything to clean it—Comet and Brillo—but nothing works."Back at the office, she sat on the sofa and listened as Bryant negotiated with Yael for a flight to New York— Delta, first-class, 9:30 P.M. Jewell was scheduled to appear on three shows in New York, visit the American Museum of Natural History, and then fly to Washington, D.C., for Larry King Live. "I would like to go home, put on my outfit, and walk in the woods," Bobi said. "Richard, we are leaving.""Yes, ma'am," Richard said.One hour later, a telephone call came in to the offices of Wood & Grant. The lawyers had the call on speaker, and it blared through the room. "Goddamn it, Lin. When will this be over?" In the background, you could hear Bobi sobbing. "What in the world?" Wood asked. Jewell explained that a sound truck from ABC had been waiting in the parking lot when the Jewells got home. There had been words and threats, and Dave Dutchess had taken his stun gun off his motorcycle and waved it at the ABC van. The cameraman yelled: Stop harassing us! Dave yelled back: You are harassing us! Now get your ass out of here!Wood shouted into the speakerphone: "Do not meddle! You cannot jeopardize where you have gotten to and what you want to do! All you have to do is put up with this for one more day and the damn thing is over. Bobi, there is nothing you can do about it; you have to stay cool." Bobi cried back, "They are going to destroy me!"The moment they hung up, Wood turned to Bryant. "New York is canceled. No Katie Couric. No Good Morning America. They are losing it. You better call Yael." "No," Bryant said, "they have lost it. All of the above: their patience, their temper and heart."That evening a very testy Katie Couric tracked Bryant down at Nadya Light's apartment, where we had gone to watch the news. "I want you to know that I canceled interviewing Barbra Streisand in L.A. for Richard Jewell. Don't think he is always going to be a news story. No one will care about him in three days," she said, according to Bryant. "Look, Katie, I am sorry. But Richard is in no condition to talk to the press. He is worn out," Bryant told her.Later, Jewell would tell me that that day, which should have been one of his most satisfying, was actually his worst. His notoriety had tainted the triumph; everything positive had become negative. "I was in despair," he said. As he had for most of the previous 88 days, he spent the night confined in the Buford Highway apartment, a prisoner of his circumstances, with his mother, Dave Dutchess, and Dave's fiancee, Beatty, eating Domino's Pizza and watching himself lead the newscasts on NBC, CBS, and ABC."This case has everything—the F.B.I., the press, the violation of the Bill of Rights from the First to the Sixth Amendment." 'This case has everything— the F.B.I., the press, the violation of the Bill of Rights, from the First to the Sixth Amendment," Watson Bryant told me in one of our first conversations. It has become common to characterize the F.B.I.'s investigation of Richard Jewell as the epitome of false accusation. The phrase "the Jewell syndrome," a rush to judgment, has entered the language of newsrooms and First Amendment forums. On the night of Jewell's press conference, a commentator on CNN's Crossfire compared Jewell's situation to "Kafka in Prague." The case became an investigative catastrophe, which laid bare long-simmering resentments of many F.B.I. career professionals regarding the micromanagement style and imperious attitude of Louis Freeh and his inner circle of former New York prosecutors, who have worked together since their days at the U.S. Attorney's Office in the Southern District. Within the bureau, the beleaguered director now has a new nickname: J. Edgar Hoover with children. Like Freeh, those near him have also acquired a nickname: Louie's yes-men. Two of Freeh's closest associates, F.B.I. general counsel Howard Shapiro and former deputy director Larry Potts, have been severely criticized, respectively, for advising the White House of confidential F.B.I. material and for an alleged cover-up of the mishandling of the 1992 standoff at Ruby Ridge, where F.B.I. agents killed the wife and son of Randy Weaver, a white supremacist.In November and December, the Office of Professional Responsibility conducted an exhaustive investigation into the Jewell affair. Responding to an attempt by headquarters and certain officials to distance themselves, according to F.B.I. sources, several agents, including a senior F.B.I. supervisor in Atlanta, have provided the O.P.R. with signed statements insisting that Freeh himself was responsible for "oversight" during the crisis. These agents "shocked the investigators" because they reiterated, when asked who was in charge of the overall command of the investigation, that it was the director himself.What happened to Richard Jewell raises an important question central to Freeh's future tenure: in the midst of a media frenzy, does the F.B.I. have any responsibility to protect the privacy of an innocent man? Over the last year, this concept was broached with Bob Bucknam, Louis Freeh's chief of staff. During the long Pizza Connection trial in the 1980s, it was Bucknam who handed Freeh files at the prosecutor's table. According to highly placed sources in the bureau, Bucknam's answer was immediate: the F.B.I. has no responsibility to correct information in the public domain.Richard Jewell had a reverence for authority that blinded him to the paradox of his situation. He idealized the investigative skills of the F.B.I. and could not understand that he had become ensnared in a web fraught with the weaknesses of a self-protective bureaucracy. Pennsylvania senator Arlen Specter has invited Jewell to Washington to testify at congressional hearings on the F.B.I.'s conduct in the Atlanta bombing. Ironically, the bungling of the investigation might lead to the reshuffling of personalities at the top of the bureau and threaten Freeh's reputation. In October, according to The Washington Post, Freeh sent an unusual memo to all 25,000 F.B.I. personnel: He would not be abandoning his post amid reports of problems with the Jewell case and Filegate, and of a growing dissatisfaction inside the bureau. "I am proud to be the F.B.I. director," Freeh wrote.From the beginning, Jewell was perceived in the public imagination as a hapless dummy, a plodding misfit, a Forrest Gump. On one of the first days he worked as a security guard at the AT&T pavilion, he noticed that his co-workers were covering the steps inside the sound tower with graffiti. On one step Jewell scrawled with a flourish two bromides: IF YOU DIDN'T GO PAST ME, YOU ARE NOT SUPPOSED TO BE HERE and LIFE IS TOUGH. TOUGHER WHEN YOU ARE STUPID. Soon after he was targeted as a suspect in the Olympics bombing, the F.B.I. confiscated the step. Analysts appeared to believe that the graffiti contained a clue to his character. "They told the lawyers the statement was an obvious taunt," Jewell said. In fact, the second line was an expression he had cribbed from one of his favorite actors, John Wayne.Within the F.B.I., the beleaguered director has a new nickname: J. Edgar Hoover with children."To understand Richard Jewell, you have to be aware that he is a cop. He talks like a cop and thinks like a cop," his criminal lawyer, Jack Martin, told me. The tone of Jewell's voice drops noticeably when he says the word "officer," and his conversation is filled with observations about traffic patterns, security devices, and car wrecks. Even the vocabulary he uses to describe the 88 days he was a suspect is out of the lexicon of police work, and he continues to talk about his situation then in the present tense: "This is an out-and-out ambush, and I am a hostage."Jewell has a need to accommodate. He can be startlingly opaque. On the afternoon of July 30, Jewell answered the door of his mother's apartment to Don Johnson and Diader Rosario from the F.B.I. "We need your help making a training film," they told him. "I never questioned it," he told me. The next day Rosario appeared again with a search warrant. "The weird thing was that when they were searching my apartment I was, like, 'Take everything. Take the carpet. I am law enforcement. I am just like you. Guys, take whatever you are going to take, because it is going to prove that I didn't do anything.' And a couple of them were looking at me like I was crazy."Leaving the apartment on one occasion, he told the agents, "I am wearing a bright shirt so y'all can see me easier." He recalled feeling anger when he read descriptions of himself as a child-man, a mama's boy, and "a wannabe policeman," but he said, "If I was in the place of everybody else and I saw a 34-year-old guy living with his mother, I would have reservations about that, too. I would think, Why is he doing that?"The December issue of Atlanta magazine reported that there was no record of a Jewell family in Danville, Virginia, where Richard Jewell was born. Atlanta referred to an article in the Danville Register & Bee which asked, "Did Richard Jewell ever sleep here?" "This is a part of my life Richard and I do not like to speak about," Bobi Jewell told me one night at dinner. Richard was born in Danville, but his name was Richard White; his father was Bobi's first husband, Robert Earl White, who worked for Chevrolet. According to Bobi, Richard's father, who died recently, was "irresponsible and a ladies' man." When Richard was four, the marriage broke up. Bobi found work as an insurance-agency claims coordinator and soon met John Jewell, an executive in the same business. Shortly after John Jewell married Bobi, he adopted Richard.From the time Richard was a child, he and his mother were a unit. Bobi, a woman of intelligence and disciplined work habits, is both tender and tough on the subject of her son. She still calls Richard "my boy," but she has a peppery disposition. Richard was brought up in a strict Baptist home. "If I didn't say 'Yes, ma'am' or 'No, ma'am' and get it out quick enough, I would be on the ground," he said. When he was six, the family moved to Atlanta. Richard was the boy who helped the teachers and worked as a school crossing guard, but he had few friends in high school. "I was a wannabe athlete, but I wasn't good enough," he said. He ran the movie projector in the library. A military-history buff, he liked to talk about Napoleon and the Vietnam War and read books on both World Wars.Jewell's ambition was to work on cars, so he enrolled in a technical school in southern Georgia. On his third day there, Bobi discovered that her husband had packed a suitcase. "He left a note saying that he was a failure and no good for us," Jewell said. Almost immediately, Richard moved back home and took a job repairing cars. "My mom and I tried to take care of each other," he said. "I think I handled it pretty much better than she did." Richard took the brunt of his father's abandonment; Bobi pulled even closer to her son. "She hated all men for about three years after that, and she became overly protective of me. She looked at it that I was going to do the same thing that my dad did. I was 18 or 19. I was working. She never liked my dates, but I never held that against her. We have always been able to lean on each other."Richard managed a local TCBY yogurt shop and once stopped a burglary in progress. At the age of 22, he was hired as a clerk at the Small Business Administration, and he impressed Watson Bryant and the other lawyers in the office with his personable nature. They called him Radar because of his efficiency. "You could say, 'I'm hungry,' and suddenly this kid would be by your side with a Snickers bar," Bryant recalled. When Jewell's contract with the S.B.A. ran out, he moved on to be a Marriott house detective. In 1990 he was hired as a jailer in the Habersham County Sheriff's Office, and in 1991 he became a deputy. As part of his training, he was sent to the Northeast Georgia Police Academy, where he finished in the upper 25 percent of his class. He finally had an identity; he was a law-enforcement officer.Jewell was unlucky in love. He presented one woman with an engagement ring, and later, in Habersham County, he would give another a large wooden key with a sign that read, THIS IS THE KEY TO UNLOCK YOUR HEART, but both relationships came apart. In northern Georgia, Jewell worked nights and became wedded to his job. By his own description, he was methodical. "I am the kind of person who plans everything. I like to go from A to B to C to D. This going from A to D and arguing over everything—I say no." Habersham County, a scenic part of the piney woods in Georgia's Bible Belt, was for Jewell like "leaving the 1990s and going into the 1970s in terms of law enforcement." Many rich Atlantans have country houses in the mountains, but the small towns of Demorest and Charlottesville are relatively undeveloped, reminding one of Jewell's lawyers of the scenery in the movie Deliverance. "If you get lost up there, you might find a guy with a bow and arrow," the lawyer said.Recently, Jewell and I took the 90-minute drive from Atlanta to Habersham County, which has acres of apple orchards. The leaves were turning, and the roads were mostly deserted. In the towns, however, were stores, apple stands, and even a good Chinese restaurant. As Jewell's blue pickup truck turned into the parking lot of a shopping center, several people came out to greet him.Jewell had lived in a small yellow house up a steep rocky driveway. On the day we visited, the current resident's Halloween decorations were still up, as were faded white satin ribbons hanging from many trees, remnants of a campaign to clear Richard Jewell organized by area friends. Jewell had lived 50 yards from the Chattahoochee River near a kayak-and-canoe tourist concession on a main road—not in a "cabin in the woods," as several reports stated after the bombing. He worked the night shift, and when he would arrive home at dawn, he told me, he could look up and "see a sky filled with stars."He was not a loner; he made friends with several local families. He would often leave a box of Dunkin' Donuts on friends' porches at four A.M. During the O. J. Simpson trial, he and the other deputies would meet in the turnaround on Highway 985 in the middle of the night and review the day's events and the bungling by the Los Angeles Police Department. Jewell would later be annoyed that the F.B.I. confiscated his copy of former prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi's account of the trial. Jewell dated a local girl, Sheree Chastain, and had a close relationship with her family.Jewell had a complex history working at the Habersham County Sheriff's Office. When he was still a jailer, he arrested a couple making too much noise in a hot tub at an apartment building where he did part-time security work. He was arrested for impersonating an officer and, after pleading guilty to a lesser charge, was placed on probation on the condition that he seek psychological counseling.By his own estimation, Jewell's strength as a cop was "working car wrecks." He had his mother's diligence; he worked 14 hours a day and organized a safety fair. Later in 1995 he wrecked his patrol car and was demoted to working in the jail. Rick Moore, a local deputy, advised him to accept the job, but Jewell despised the jailhouse atmosphere. He told me, "It was a small room filled with cigarette smoke. I couldn't take it." He resigned, and in a short time he moved to a police job at Piedmont College, a liberal-arts school with approximately 1,000 students on the main road in Demorest. The college police had jurisdiction only on campus and in an area extending out 500 feet. Jewell chased cars speeding down the highway and had arguments over turf with other officers. He was instrumental in several arrests, including that of a suspected burglar he discovered hiding at the top of a tree. For his work on a volunteer rescue squad, he was named a citizen of the year.According to Brad Mattear, a former resident director, Piedmont was a school of "P.K.'s"—preachers' kids. It was 80 percent Baptist with a strict no-drinking rule. The college had many rebellious students, according to Mattear, kids who were "away from home for the first time and wanted to party and drink." Mattear knew Jewell well and recalled his good manners and playful nature. "It was always 'Yes, sir' and 'Yes, ma'am.'" Jewell would tell students, "I know y'all are going to drink. Don't do it on campus."Jewell felt confined by his boundaries and could be heavy-handed when it came to writing out reports on minor infractions. Once when we were driving by the campus, he pointed to a small brick dormitory. "That was where all the partying would go on," he told me. Jewell would raid dorm rooms and report drinking violations. "I did not hesitate to tell the parents—in no uncertain terms—what their kids were up to," he said.He soon made enemies at the school. "Three or four times a week," Mattear said, Piedmont students were in the office of Ray Cleere, the president of the college, complaining about Jewell and other Piedmont police. After Jewell was admonished for a number of controversial arrests, he resigned.Jewell had an out: his mother was going to have an operation on her foot. He would go home to Atlanta for the Olympics and look for a new job. He called his mother: "Is it all right with you if I stay with you while you have your surgery?" He hoped he might get a job with the Atlanta police or, failing that, work security at the Olympics. "I thought, Working at the Centennial Olympic Park will look really good on my resume."At the age of 33, back in his mother's apartment, he was at first treated like a wayward teenager. Bobi was sharp with him about his slovenly habits, his weight, and his driving. Bobi had carved out a life for herself; she arrived at work by eight A.M. each morning and had many friends. Trim, with short-cropped hair, Bobi Jewell is the kind of woman who labels her clothes and spices and spends much of her spare time baking cakes and babysitting for extra money. She carries on telephone friendships with claim adjusters at other companies. It was somewhat unsettling for her, she told me, to have Richard at home after she had grown used to living with only her dog, Brandi, and her cat, Boots. Bobi was annoyed that he had wrecked a patrol car, and worried about his safety. "Every time he leaves the apartment, I'll say, 'Richard . . . ' And he'll say, 'Yes, ma'am. I know. The person that I am going to see will be there when I get there,'" she said. On one occasion Bobi talked about Richard's return to Atlanta. "What is wrong with trying to revamp your life?" she asked me. Her eyes filled with tears. "Why does everyone in the media think it is so strange?"On Friday, July 26, Bobi Jewell was home waiting for her niece to arrive from Virginia for the Olympic softball competition the following week. In preparation, she had stocked her apartment with food. It was a clear Georgia evening, not as hot as had been expected. As usual, Richard left for the park at 4:45 P.M. and arrived at the AT&T pavilion about 5:30. His stomach was bothering him; he was convinced that he had eaten a bad hamburger the day before. Lin Wood and Wayne Grant had arranged to take their children to Centennial Park that night. The park, in downtown Atlanta, stretches over 21 acres. There were air-conditioned tents, concerts on the stage, and hot-dog and souvenir stands. Downtown Atlanta was usually deserted in the oppressively hot, humid summer, but this year thousands of tourists filled the sidewalks, or sat on benches in the shade of some crape-myrtle trees, or cooled off by a fountain. Tour buses clogged the main arteries, and everyone complained that it took hours to get anywhere; stories were traded about athletes' getting to their competitions late because of the poor planning of the Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games.As always, Jewell was working the 12-hour night shift near the sound-and-light tower by the stage. He was pleased because one of his favorite groups—Jack Mack and the Heart Attack—was going to perform at 12:45. Jewell had a routine: he would check in and fill the ice chest he kept by a bench at his station. Jewell liked to offer water and Cokes to pregnant women or policemen who stopped to rest.After he arrived at the park, his stomach cramps grew worse and he had a bout of diarrhea. At approximately 10 P.M. he took a break to go to the bathroom. The closest one was by the stage, but the security staff was not allowed to use it. "I really have to go," Jewell says he told the stage manager. "And he said, 'Well, O.K. this time.'"When Jewell came out, he noticed that it was "real calm" and there wasn't much wind blowing. At that time of night, the crowd from Bud World became a little more raucous. Jewell was annoyed when he saw a group of drunks near his bench and beer cans littering the area beside the fence nearby. As he went to report the trash and the group that was carousing, he spotted a large olive-green military-style backpack, known as an Alice pack, under the bench. There had been a similar bag found the week before. Jewell later told an F.B.I. agent that he was annoyed that one of the drunks had tried to get into the lens of a camera crew. Jewell had told them to cut it out. "They were running off at the mouth," Jewell would later tell Larry Landers of the Georgia Bureau of Investigation (G.B.I.)."I was light about the package at first," he told me, "kidding around with Tom Davis from the G.B.I.: 'Well, are you going to open it?' At that point, it was not a concern. I was thinking to myself, Well, I am sure one of these people left it on the ground. When Davis came back and said, 'Nobody said it was theirs,' that is when the little hairs on the back of my head began to stand up. I thought, Uh-oh. This is not good."I never really had time to be frightened. My law-enforcement background paid off here. What went through my head was like a computer screen of this list I had to do. I had to call my supervisor. I have to tell people in the tower that something was going on. I have to be firm with them, stay calm, and be professional."Almost immediately, Jewell and Tom Davis cleared a 25-foot-square area around the backpack; Jewell made two trips into the tower to warn the technicians. "I want y'all out now. This is serious."Two blocks away on Marietta Street, approximately 300 editors, copywriters, and reporters from Cox newspapers around the country had taken over the extra desks in the new eighth-floor newsroom at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution to prepare the special Olympics edition they put out each afternoon. The paper had gone "Olympics-crazy," according to one reporter. The editor, Ron Martin, and the managing editor, John Walter—"WalMart," as they were called—had let it be known that no expense would be spared. Ann Hardie, who normally covers science, had been sent around the world to master the fine points of beach volleyball; Bill Rankin, officially on the federal-court beat, was assigned table tennis. The paper intended to set new standards in its hometown during the games, but in addition there was a hint of redemption in the air.Since Cox newspaper executives had forced the resignation of the distinguished editor Bill Kovach in 1988, the paper had suffered a severe loss of reputation. "We all felt just kind of beaten down," one reporter said. Kovach had been brought to Atlanta from The New York Times to elevate The A.J.C. into being the definitive paper of the New South, but eventually he irritated the local powers. Atlanta was inbred, a city of deals, and he resigned in a blaze of press outrage. Kovach now ran the Nieman journalism-fellowship program at Harvard, and the movie rights to his turbulent years in Atlanta—reported in these pages by Peter J. Boyer—had been sold to Warner Bros.Within the profession, The A.J.C. had become something of a joke. More and more, its emphasis was on what John Walter called "chunklets"—short bits in a soft-news style known as eye-candy. The paper published features on couples massage and how mushrooms grow in the rain. Walter had fired off several terse memos to ensure that there would be no more jumps of news stories to back pages and no more unsourced news stories, except on rare occasions. "I don't see any reason why you can't report hard news in a short form," one editor told me.The A.J. C. style of reporting in declarative sentences had a name, too: the voice of God. It was omniscient, because it allowed no references to unattributed sources. Subjects such as AIDS, which often required confidentiality, could not be covered properly in the paper, in the opinion of several reporters. The A.J.C. picked up news stories with unnamed sources from The New York Times, however, and reporters groused about the hypocrisy of the double standard.On Saturday morning, July 27, Bob Johnson, the night metro editor, left the newsroom at one A.M. The sidewalks were still crowded; Johnson sat on a wall outside waiting for an A.J.C. shuttle bus to pick him up. About 1:25 he heard a strange noise. "It sounded like an aerial bomb at a fireworks show," he said. He recalled thinking, Damn, that is sort of foolish. Then he heard screams and saw people running. Johnson rushed back upstairs to the almost deserted sixth-floor newsroom. Lyda Longa, a night police reporter, was still there. Johnson sent her down to the park and turned on the news, but nothing had moved across the wires. Just after two A.M., Longa called from the park. She told Johnson that one person had been killed and dozens were down—it was absolute chaos. Johnson could hear the sirens and the screams through the telephone; he began to type into his computer. "We were trying to get a bullet into the street edition," Johnson recalled. In the crisis, it took only minutes for reporters to return to the newsroom; several had been at the park when the bomb went off. Rochelle Bozman, an Olympics editor, appeared and took over for Johnson. Soon John Walter was there, as was Bert Roughton, who would assist him in supervising the A.J.C. coverage of the bombing.At the park, Jewell spoke with the first F.B.I. agents to arrive on the scene. The smell and the noise, he remembered, were overwhelming, and sensations blurred together. "It was hard to describe the sound," he said. "It was like what you hear in the movies. It was, like, KABOOM. I had seen an explosion in police training. We had ear protection when it went off. It smelled like a flash-bang grenade. The sky was not filled with black smoke, but grayish-white. All the shrapnel that was inside the package kept flying around, and some of the people got hit from the bench and some with metal."Bobi Jewell had just gone to sleep when the telephone rang. It was Richard. "Mom, they had a bomb go off down here, but I am O.K. regardless of what the TV says." He could hardly speak; he seemed paralyzed. Jewell did not mention to his mother that he had found the backpack and alerted Tom Davis. Bobi was perplexed. "I thought, What does he mean?"All night long she stayed on the foldout sofa watching the news reports. She was frightened by the ambulances, the noise, the bodies in the park.Soon veteran homicide detectives in the Atlanta police arrived at the bomb site. One sergeant was trying to make his way through the crowd when an Olympics official stopped him. "Tell these cops to get the hell out of here," he said, according to a captain in the homicide division. "Well, you get the fuck out of here. Who are you?" the sergeant demanded. Agents from the Atlanta F.B.I. office and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms were in a shouting match over jurisdiction. "We are handling this!" one said. "No, this is ours!" an F.B.I. agent snapped.In the command center at F.B.I. headquarters in northeastern Atlanta, there was complete pandemonium. The Olympics were a national convention for law enforcement. Some 30,000 security personnel were on hand. Over the next few days, there would be an internal debate: Who was going to be in charge of the bombing investigation? In Atlanta at that time were three veteran investigators with executive experience: Tom Fuentes, who is credited with helping to bring John Gotti to heel; Barry Mawn, who has worked extensively in organized-crime probes; and Robin Montgomery, the head of the critical-incident unit at Quantico, who at Ruby Ridge in 1992 questioned the disastrous "rules of engagement" which led to tragedy.In the early-morning hours, F.B.I. agents picked up several suspects, including one referred to as "the drunk in the bar." According to F.B.I. sources, Louis Freeh himself got on the telephone to Barry Mawn. Freeh, a former F.B.I. agent, was personally monitoring the initial investigation by means of a series of conference calls from the command post at F.B.I. headquarters. He focused on "the drunk in the bar," who had been making threats the night before, and within hours the information was leaked that the F.B.I. had a suspect. From Atlanta, Barry Mawn contacted his superiors in Washington. "This suspect is not the bomber," he reportedly said, according to a former highlevel F.B.I. executive. Freeh allegedly lost his temper and belittled Mawn's professional abilities. He is said to have told Mawn that he "had handled this all wrong." The words one hears characterizing Freeh's telephone calls to the agents on duty in Atlanta are "abusive," "condescending," and "dismissive." A story went around the command center that Freeh was already saying, "We have our man," according to a source in the bureau.Watson Bryant was thinking, I cannot believe that I know anyone who throws pipe bombs into gopher holes.Freeh made a decision: however experienced Montgomery, Fuentes, and Mawn were, this investigation would be run by Division 5 of the F.B.I., the National Security Division, a former counterintelligence unit that has been looking for a purpose since the Cold War ended. Trained in observation, division members rarely made a criminal case—their strength was intimidation and manipulation rather than the deliberate gathering of evidence to be presented in court. The F.B.I. promptly declared the bombing a terrorism case and placed it under the authority of Bob Bryant, head of the division. David Tubbs of Division 5 was sent to Atlanta to be the spokesman and to augment Woody Johnson, the Atlanta special agent in charge (S.A.C.), who had been trained in hostage rescue and who was awkward in press briefings. Tubbs was not as experienced in criminal cases as Mawn or Montgomery, who returned to Newark and Quantico, respectively, "to get out of the line of fire," according to numerous F.B.I. sources. But Bryant and Freeh were reportedly micromanaging the S.A.C.'s and, later, the case agents Don Johnson and Diader Rosario. 106107 VIEW ARTICLE PAGESOn the morning of the bombing, Watson Bryant's alarm went off at six A.M. He was going to the Olympic kayak competition on the Ocoee River with Andy Currie, a friend from his Vanderbilt University days. He learned of the bombing on the radio as he was getting ready to go to Currie's house. "Whoever has done this should be skinned alive," he told Currie. He spent the day in the country, and on Sunday he went out to run errands. When he got home, there was a message on his answering machine: "Watson, this is Richard Jewell. You may have heard that I found the bomb and people are calling me a hero. Somebody told me I might get a book contract." It had been years since Bryant had spoken to Jewell, but he did not immediately return the call; he was busy finishing up some contracts so that he could take a few days off to enjoy the Olympics.In addition, Bryant was annoyed with Jewell. After Bryant had befriended him in their days at the Small Business Administration, Jewell had borrowed his new, $250 radar detector and never returned it. He had promised to pay him $100 for it, but he never had. In the meantime, Bryant's life had changed; he had set up an office as a solo practitioner. Bryant despised corporate politics and had no gift for them. His penchant for taking on pro-bono work for friends annoyed his wife, however. Bryant believed that Richard Jewell had attached himself to him years earlier because he lacked a father, but nevertheless Jewell could get on his nerves. By the summer of 1996, Bryant was preoccupied; his marriage had come apart two years earlier, and he was trying to sort out his life.When he finally returned Jewell's phone call, he said, "Well, damn it, where's my $100?" Jewell laughed uneasily and told him about discovering the green backpack that contained the bomb. "Didn't you see me on the news?" Bryant reminded him that he rarely watched TV. "I am proud of you, Richard," he said. "About this book contract, I think it's far-fetched, but don't sign anything unless I see it first."In the Newsweek cover story detailing the bombing, published Monday, July 29, there was no mention of Richard Jewell. It said only that "a security guard" had alerted Tom Davis of the G.B.I. that no one had claimed the backpack under his bench. By the time Newsweek was on the stands, however, Jewell had been interviewed on CNN. The AT&T publicity department had booked him on TV and told him to wear the shirt with the AT&T logo. Jewell reluctantly agreed. "The idea of going on TV made me nervous," he told me. "I was not the hero. There were so many others who saved lives."In Demorest, Ray Cleere, the president of Piedmont College, was home on Saturday, July 27, watching CNN. Cleere had at one time been Mississippi's commissioner of higher education, but he was now posted at the rural Baptist mountain school. He was said to feel that he had suffered a loss of status in the boondocks, where he was out of the academic mainstream. He called Dick Martin, his chief of campus police. Shouldn't they call the F.B.I. and tell them about Richard Jewell? he asked. Cleere had had a strong disagreement with Jewell when one of the students was caught smoking pot. Jewell wanted to arrest him; Cleere said no. Cleere, Brad Mattear recalled, "worried constantly about the image of the college." According to Mattear, "Cleere loved the limelight. He wanted public attention"—the very trait he reportedly ascribed to Richard Jewell.Dick Martin, who was fond of Jewell, suggested a compromise, according to Lin Wood: he would call a friend in the G.B.I. Cleere then called the F.B.I. hot line in Washington himself. Wood says Cleere later complained that no one had seemed to want to listen to what he had to say about Richard Jewell. But his telephone call would trigger a complex set of circumstances in Habersham County, where F.B.I. investigators fanned out over the hills, attempting to uncover evidence that could lead to Jewell's arrest. "The F.B.I. took his word, and what it actually did was get them both in a bunch of trouble," Mattear said. (Cleere has declined to comment.)For Richard Jewell, Tuesday, July 30, would become a haze in which his life was turned upside down. "The hours of the day ran so fast it is hard to remember what all happened," he told me. He started the day early at the Atlanta studio of the Today show. He was tired; the evening before he had had his friend Tim Attaway, a G.B.I. agent, for dinner. He had made lasagna and had drawn Attaway a diagram of the sound-and-light tower. Jewell had talked into the night about the bombing; only later would he learn that Attaway was wearing a wire.Despite the late evening, Jewell was excited at the thought of meeting Katie Couric and being interviewed about finding the Alice pack in the park. His mother asked him to try to get Tom Brokaw's autograph. "He was a man my mom respected a great deal," he said.When he got back to the apartment, he was surprised to see a cluster of reporters in the parking lot. "Do you think you are a suspect?" one asked. Jewell laughed. "I know they'll investigate anyone who was at the park that night," he said. "That includes you-all too." Jewell did not turn on the TV, but he noticed that the group outside the door continued to grow. At four that afternoon, Jewell received a phone call from Anthony Davis, the head of the security company Jewell worked for at AT&T. "Have you seen the news?" Davis asked. "They are saying you are a suspect." Jewell said, "They are talking to everybody." According to Jewell, Davis said, "They are zeroing in on you. To keep the publicity down, don't go to work."Within minutes, Don Johnson and Diader Rosario knocked on Jewell's door. They exuded sincerity, Jewell recalled. "They told me they wanted me to come with them to headquarters to help them make a training film to be used at Quantico," he said. Johnson played to Jewell's pride. Despite the reporters in the parking lot and the call from Anthony Davis, Jewell had no doubt that they were telling the truth. He drove the short distance to F.B.I. headquarters in Buckhead in his own truck, but he noticed that four cars were following him. "The press is on us," Jewell told Johnson when they arrived. "No, those are our guys," Johnson told him. This tactic would continue through the next 88 days and be severely criticized: Why would you have an armada of surveillance vehicles stacked up on a suspected bomber?It was then that Jewell started to wonder why he was at the F.B.I., but he followed Johnson and Rosario inside. Rosario was known for his skills as a negotiator; he had once helped calm a riot of Cuban prisoners in Atlanta. Johnson, however, had a reputation for overreaching. In Albany, New York, in 1987, he had pursued an investigation of then mayor Thomas Whalen. According to Whalen, the local U.S. attorney found no evidence to support Johnson's assertions and issued a letter to Whalen exonerating him completely, but Whalen believed it cost him an appointment as a federal judge.As Jewell sat in a small office, he wondered why the cameraman recording the interview was staring at him so intently. After an hour, Johnson was called out of the room. When he returned, he said to Jewell, "Let's pretend that none of this happened. You are going to come in and start over, and by the way, we want you to fill out this waiver of rights.""At that moment a million things were going through my head," Jewell told me. "You don't give anyone a waiver of rights unless they are being investigated. I said, 'I need to contact my attorney,' and then all of a sudden it was an instant change. 'What do you need to contact your attorney for? You didn't do anything. We thought you were a hero. Is there something you want to tell us about?'" Jewell grew increasingly apprehensive and later recalled thinking, These guys think I did this.When the agents took a break, Jewell asked to use the phone. "I called Watson four times. I called his brother. I told his parents that I had to get hold of Watson—it was urgent. I was, like, 'I have to speak to him right now.' What was going on was that Washington was on the phone with Atlanta. The people in Washington were giving them questions." Jewell said he knew this because the videotapes in the cameras were two hours long and "Johnson and Rosario would leave every 30 minutes, like they had to speak on the phone." The O.RR. report, however, would assert that no one at headquarters knew about the videotaping or the training-film ruse. Lying to get a statement out of a suspect is, in fact, not illegal, but clearly Johnson and Rosario were not making decisions on their own. Even the procedure of having a fleet of cars follow a suspect was an intimidation tactic used by the F.B.I. Later, according to Jewell, Johnson and Rosario would both tell him privately that they believed he was innocent, but that the investigation was being run by the "highest levels in Washington."Within the bureau, the belief is that during one of the telephone calls Freeh instructed Johnson and Rosario to read Jewell his Miranda rights. Freeh is said to have learned of Johnson's history from a member of his security detail, who had worked in Atlanta. He told Freeh that "Johnson had a reputation for being obnoxious and a problem." In addition, a week after Jewell's interview, Freeh reportedly received a call from Janet Reno, who had learned about the ruse from Kent Alexander, the local U.S. attorney, and Deputy Attorney General Jamie Gorelick. Freeh wondered aloud how it was that, of all the agents in Atlanta, Johnson had been selected to work on the Jewell case. Like Jewell, Johnson had wound up in Atlanta because of his overzealous behavior—according to an F.B.I. source, the Whalen episode had resulted in a "loss-of-effectiveness transfer," an F.B.I. euphemism. (Johnson declined to respond.)On that same Tuesday, Watson Bryant and Nadya Light closed the office early and went to Centennial Park. Light, 35, a pretty Russian immigrant, had never met Radar, Bryant's old friend, and wanted to buy him a celebratory meal. Killing time until Jewell came on duty, they went into the House of Blues and then bought some hot sauce. Walking toward his car, Bryant saw newsboys hawking the afternoon edition of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. "It was like out of a cartoon. They were all yelling!" he recalled. "I caught the headline out of the corner of my eye." The headline read: FBI SUSPECTS 'HERO' GUARD MAY HAVE PLANTED BOMB.Bryant borrowed 50 cents from Light to buy the paper and began to read: '"Richard Jewell, 33 . . . fits the profile of the lone bomber.' I could not believe it."At that moment, Bryant's brother, Bruce, who was on his way to the diving competition, got a call from Jewell. "Where is Watson?" As Bruce Bryant walked past a Speedo billboard with a TV screen, he saw Richard Jewell's face filling the screen. "Oh, my God," he said to his wife. At the same moment, Watson was in his car a block away on Northside Drive when he too noticed the Speedo screen. He could not get back to his house—the streets were blocked off for the cycling competition. From his car he called F.B.I. headquarters and demanded to speak to Jewell. "He is not here," the operator said. From his home phone, he picked up his messages and heard Jewell's low, urgent tones. "He didn't leave a number," Bryant told Light. "Call Star 69," she said. The number came back: 679-9000, the number for F.B.I. headquarters, which he had just dialed. Within minutes, Bryant had Jewell on the phone. Jewell told him he was making a training film. "You idiot! You are a suspect. Get your ass out of there now!" Bryant told him.Before The Atlanta Journal-Constitution broke the story of Richard Jewell, there had been a debate in the newsroom over whether or not to name him. One block away, CNN's Art Harris and Henry Schuster had alerted the network's president that Jewell was targeted, but they held the story, because they understood its potential magnitude. At The A.J.C., Kathy Scruggs, a police reporter, who had allegedly gotten a tip from a close friend in the F.B.I., got a confirmation from someone in the Atlanta police. According to the managing editor, John Walter, the first edition of the paper that Tuesday had a brief profile of Jewell. It was dropped in later editions as Walter questioned whether the paper had enough facts to support the scoop. Because of the voice-of-God style, the paper ended up making a flat-out statement: "Richard Jewell . . . fits the profile of the lone bomber."When I asked John Walter about the lone-bomber sentence, he said, "I ultimately edited it. . . . One of the tests we put to the material is, is it a verifiable fact?" One editor added, "The whole story is voice-of-God. . . . Because we see this event taking place, the need to attribute it to sources—F.B.I. or law enforcement—is less than if there is no public acknowledgment." John Walter indicated that he had not seen a lone-bomber profile. I asked him, "Whose profile of a lone bomber does Richard Jewell fit? Where is the 'says who' in this sentence?" Walter said that he felt comfortable with the assertion.The page-one story had a double byline: Kathy Scruggs and Ron Martz. Walter had told these two early on that they would be the reporters assigned to any Olympic catastrophe. Martz, who had covered the Gulf War, had been assigned the security beat for the Olympics; Scruggs routinely covered local crime. Scruggs had good contacts in the Atlanta police, and she was tough. She was characterized as "a police groupie" by one former staff member. "Kathy has a hard edge that some people find offensive," one of her editors told me, but he praised her skills. Police reporters are often "dictation pads" for local law enforcement; recently the American Journalism Review sharply criticized The A.J. C. for the scanty confirmation and lack of skepticism in its coverage of Jewell.The newsroom atmosphere resembled that at F.B.I. headquarters; there was a frenzy to be first. Kent Walker, a newsroom intern, published a story in the same edition, with a glaring mistake in the headline: BOMB SUSPECT HAD SOUGHT LIMELIGHT, PRESS INTERVIEWS. Since Ray Cleere's tip to the F.B.I., the "hero bomber" theory had been circulating among Atlanta law enforcement officers. Maria Elena Fernandez, a reporter, was sent to Habersham County on July 29. By coincidence, William Rathburn, the head of security for the Olympics, had been at the Los Angeles Olympics in 1984 when a fake bomb was found on a bus—left by a policeman who sought attention.On the surface, the story had an irresistible newsroom logic: Jewell was clearly looking for recognition. Bert Roughton, the city editor, had answered the telephone when a representative from AT&T called to ask if the paper would like a Jewell interview. According to Walter, Roughton himself typed a sentence in the Scruggs-and-Martz piece: "He [Jewell] also has approached newspapers, including The Atlanta JournalConstitution, seeking publicity for his actions." But he hadn't. Walter explained, "There was nothing wrong with that sentence. That's journalistically proper. It is not common practice, to my knowledge, to ask someone you are interviewing . . . 'Are you here of your own free will?'" Jewell had not contacted the paper—a fact which would have been easy enough to check. Walter became snappish when I described the sentence as "a mistake." "It was not a mistake," he said angrily. Scruggs and Martz quoted Piedmont College president Ray Cleere as backup. According to Cleere, Jewell had been "a little erratic" and "almost too excitable."There was no doubt raised by The A.J.C. about the value of Cleere's information or the fragility of the F.B.I.'s potential case. On Tuesday morning, July 30, Christina Headrick, a young intern on the paper, was sent to Buford Highway to stake out Richard Jewell's apartment. She phoned in that there were men doing surveillance. By deadline, John Walter had made a decision: he would tear up the afternoon Olympics edition and lead with Jewell.Several states away, Colonel Robert Ressler was watching CNN when the A.J.C. extra edition was shown. Ressler, who was retired from the behavioral-science unit of the F.B.I., had, along with John Douglas, developed the concept of criminal-personality profiling. He was the co-author of the Crime Classification Manual, which is used by the F.B.I. He had interviewed Ted Bundy, Jeffrey Dahmer, and John Wayne Gacy, and as he watched the TV report, he was mystified. "They were talking about an F.B.I. profile of a hero bomber, and I thought, What F.B.I. profile? It rather surprised me." According to Ressler, the definition of "hero homicide"—a person looking for recognition without an intent to kill— perhaps emerged as "hero bomber." "There is no such classification as the hero bomber," he told me recently. "This was a myth." Later he said, "It occurred to me that there was no database of any bomber who lived with his mother, was a security guard and unmarried. How many hero bombers had we ever encountered? Only one that I know of, in Los Angeles, and his bomb did not go off." Ressler knew that something was off; profiles are developed from a complex set of evidence and facts derived only in part from a crime scene. The bomb had been deadly, which was not consistent with the "hero complex." Furthermore, he wondered, where did they get the information to put the profile together that fast? He asked himself, What came first here, the chicken or the egg? Was the so-called profile actually developed from the circumstances, or was it invented for Richard Jewell?When Jewell returned home from F.B.I. headquarters just before eight P.M., NBC was showing special Olympic coverage. He sat on the sofa and watched Tom Brokaw say, "They probably have enough to arrest him right now, probably enough to prosecute him, but you always want to have enough to convict him as well. There are still holes in this case."Jewell knew that Brokaw was his mother's favorite newsman; he looked at her and noticed "the color and the blood flow out of her face when she heard that." Bobi turned to him and asked, "What is he talking about?" Jewell later recalled, "Brokaw was talking about her son as a murderer. . . . She started crying, and what am I going to say to her? 'Mom, Watson is going to fix this'? What do you say? She doesn't hear anything anyway—she was in hysterics." At that point, Jewell said, he broke down as well.The day Watson Bryant inadvertently became the lead lawyer for Richard Jewell, he was an attorney whom almost no one in the Atlanta legal establishment had ever heard of. "Who the hell is Watson Bryant?" a caption in the daily legal sheet, the Fulton County Daily Report, would read after he had appeared on the Today show. Bryant understood Jewell's vulnerability and decided on a strategy: he would treat him as a member of his own family. In Atlanta, the Bryants were a clan: Watson's father, Goble Bryant, had been a West Point tackle, on the 1949 college all-star team; his grandfather had invented a process for putting handles on paper bags. Watson had partied through Vanderbilt University and had barely gotten accepted to law school at the University of South Carolina. He had a close relationship with his brother, Bruce, and their sister, Barbara Ann, and if he lacked staff at his office, he knew he could count on his family to pick up the slack. Bruce enlisted Jewell to help coach his junior football team; Watson had a picnic for Richard and Bobi at his parents' house at the Atlanta Country Club.When Bryant arrived at the Jewells' apartment that night, he pushed his way through the crowd standing outside in the spongy Atlanta humidity. Microphones were shoved in his face. "What is happening, Watson?" Bobi asked him. Bryant asked Jewell to speak to him alone. "I want to know if you can tell me, without any hesitation at all, if you had anything to do with the bombing," he said. "I didn't," Jewell told him. "I said, 'I am going to ask you again.' He would not look me in the eye. I said, 'Don't give me this "sir" shit.' I said, 'Richard, these people want to kill you. I cannot help you unless you tell me the absolute, unequivocal truth.' I was in his face. He said he did not have anything to do with it." Jewell was bewildered and numb, said Bryant, who left at 10:30 P.M. At midnight, Jewell called him to say, "They are massing outside the apartment, Watson."The next morning, Bryant went from talk show to talk show, starting with NBC. With the notable exception of The New York Times, virtually every newspaper in the country had picked up the A.J.C. story and run it as front-page news. There were 10,000 reporters in Atlanta; the Los Angeles Times would later call the squad bearing down on the Jewells "a massive strike force . . . Tora! Tora! Tora!" Bryant was in a daze, but he held his own. "Is it true that Jewell was at some time ordered to seek psychological counseling?" Bryant Gumbel asked him. "I know a lot of people that ought to have psychological counseling," Watson Bryant replied.By 10 A.M. he was back at the Jewells' apartment, studying a search warrant that had been delivered that day. The F.B.I., Jewell recalled, said that he could not be inside the apartment during the search. Bryant called F.B.I. headquarters: "What the hell is this? Why can't he be there?" Within an hour, at least 40 members of the F.B.I. had arrived, with dogs. "There was a physical-evidence team. There was a scientific team. There was a team for the bomb-squad people, and then the A.T.F. . . . They all had different-color shirts. Light blue for bombs, dark blue for evidence protection, red and yellow." Bryant could not believe what he was seeing. "This is like damn Six Flags over Georgia," he told them."I kept saying to Watson, 'I didn't do this.' And he said, 'Hey, kid, I believe you—we are doing what we can.'" Jewell was a gun collector. Bryant was sharp with him: "You get all those guns out of your closets and put them on your bed. We don't want any trouble."For seven hours, Jewell sat outside on the staircase in what has become one of the most famous images of last summer. Bryant had to take his daughter, Meredith, to the Olympic equestrian competition, a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for her. As he left, he said, "Don't do anything stupid. Just shut up and let them do what they have to do." Hours passed as Jewell sat in the heat. "Finally I decided I would ask them if I could go in and use the rest room. They said, 'We got the order a couple of hours ago you could come in; you just can't get in our way.'" Jewell was told he had to wear rubber socks and gloves in order not to contaminate the site. The Jewell apartment is small—two bedrooms with a bathroom in between, a living room, an alcove dining room that has been turned into a den. As Jewell sat on the sofa, he thought he heard a crash in his bedroom. "I thought my CD player was on the floor, and I said, 'What are you-all tearing up?' and they said, 'You can't go in there right now; we are searching.' I said, 'I want to know what you-all just broke.'" One search warrant listed some 200 items the F.B.I. could confiscate, including "magazines, books . . . and photographs which would include descriptive information such as telephone numbers, addresses, affiliations and contact points of individuals involved in a conspiracy to manufacture, transport and . . . detonate . . . the explosive device used in the bombing at the Olympic Centennial Park on July 27, 1996.""They had all my pictures, all the stuff that was in the drawers. My personal things. How would you like to know that 12 different guys had been in your underwear, laid it out on the floor, probably walked on it and then folded it back up like nothing ever happened and put it in your drawer? So then Mom got to go and watch it on TV: 'Live from the Jewell house, the search continues. . . . We are expecting an arrest any minute.'"When Bobi Jewell returned home, the apartment appeared neat, until she walked into her kitchen. She looked down at her counters, where all her condiments, dog biscuits, spices, and crackers had been taken out of their Tupperware containers and placed in Ziploc bags. She began to cry. And then she went into the bedroom and "immediately started washing clothes," Jewell said.Driving home from the equestrian events, Bryant heard the live coverage of the search on the radio. "Why are you helping this guy if he's guilty?" Meredith asked.The next morning, Bryant received a copy of the F.B.I. inventory of articles confiscated in the apartment. On the list he was stunned to see "one hollowed-out hand grenade, ball-shaped" and "one hollowed-out hand grenade, pinecone-shaped." "What the hell is this?" he asked Jewell. "They were paperweights," Jewell said. "I bought them at a military store." "Oh, shit," Bryant said.For the first few days, the Jewells lived on ham omelettes; a neighbor had brought them half a ham from the Honey Baked Ham Company on Buford Highway. Bobi Jewell had a vacation scheduled, so she remained at home, lying on the bed and "listening to the ball game if it was on." For two weeks, she cleaned out her bureau drawers. Richard would spend the day watching CNN or movies such as Backdraft and Midnight Run. "I would look out the window and see about 150 to 200 press people. Then it would drop to five or six on the hill. They had one person sitting up there at all times with their binoculars." Richard believed they were being monitored. "They heard everything that was going on. They were over there with high-intensity zoom lenses. They had people over there who could read lips. They had a sound dish. They could hear everything that we said. They had a person writing down everything we said. I saw them."When Bobi walked out the door, Jewell said, they would holler obscenities and yell, 'You should both die'Once, Bobi's cat jumped on the window ledge under the curtain and the photographers began frenetically shooting pictures, believing that one of the Jewells was in the window. Sound trucks and boom microphones prevented the neighbors from getting near the apartment. Three F.B.I. agents were usually sitting near the tiny swimming pool; each time Jewell or his mother left the house, a cavalcade of unmarked cars would follow. Richard soon began to write a speech describing the horror he felt at being falsely accused. He ate grilled-cheese sandwiches, huge pans of lasagna, and can after can of Campbell's tomato soup."If my mom and I had something we wanted to talk about that we didn't want anyone to hear, we wrote it on pieces of paper. When she left to go to work the next day, she would take it with her, tear it up, and put it in the trash! That is how I kept my mother informed about what was going on with the case." The notes were specific: "What the Justice Department was saying, what my attorneys were hearing through the grapevine that I could tell my mom that was not privileged. It was mainly stuff like 'Keep the faith' and 'Can I borrow $10 for gas in the truck?' "Jewell described how, when his mother would walk out the door, "they would holler obscenities at her. They would yell, 'Did he do it? Did he blow those people up?' They would yell, 'You should both die.'" According to Jewell, "The cameramen were just trying to get us aggravated so they could get it on camera. You don't know how hard it is when they are saying stuff about my mother and me. . . . All she was trying to do was walk her dog. And she cannot do that without hearing that yelling. When someone did that to my mother, I would want to be up on the hill calling the police, because I would want them arrested. I was going to say, 'Mom, tell me which one said that!' And I was going to walk up to that person and introduce myself and say, 'Hi, my name is Richard Jewell. What is yours? Who do you work for? Who is your supervisor?' And I was going to go home and call 911 to get a warrant."By disposition, Jewell is a night person, but he would get up early when his mother went back to work and make her breakfast. By 11 A.M. he would be playing Mortal Kombat II and listening to 96 Rock on the radio, where one of his friends is a disc jockey. Four days into his period of captivity, he called the DeKalb County police. He recalled telling a Mr. Brown, "'This is Richard Jewell. I am sure you are aware of my situation over on Buford Highway.' He said, 'Yes, Richard, I know.' I said, 'I just want to tell you my situation. Number one: I did not do this. Number two: I am here and I am not leaving the apartment for any reason at all.' I said that all the press was doing right now was aggravating my mother and disturbing my neighbors, and I would really appreciate it if the neighbors could return to a normal life."On Saturday, August 3, as Bryant stared at the F.B.I. agent plucking Jewell's hair, he had already made a decision. "It was, like, screw it. I had had it." The next day was the closing ceremony of the Olympics; Bryant imagined that that would be the day the government might choose to arrest Jewell. "Who is the best criminal lawyer in Georgia?" he asked a state lawyers' association. Within a day, he had brought in Jack Martin, an expert on the federal death penalty and a Harvard law school graduate with close ties to the local U.S. attorney, Kent Alexander. "Let me tell you something about myself," Jewell told him in their first meeting. "I hate criminal lawyers." "Well, Richard," Martin said, "I don't much like cops, but sometimes I need one, and this is a time you sure need a criminal lawyer."That weekend, watching the Olympic basketball finals, Bryant had an idea: he wanted to be prepared with his own polygraph test of Jewell if the F.B.I. arrested him. From the game, Bryant called a close friend who was a former federal prosecutor. "Try Richard Rackleff," he said. "We worked together on the Walter Moody bombing case." Rackleff had recently set up a private practice, and he agreed to test Jewell the next day. On Sunday morning, Bryant was up early, unable to sleep. He drove around town, making calls from his cell phone. He dialed 679-9000—the F.B.I. "This is Watson Bryant. I am going to pick up Richard Jewell. I just want you to know that. I don't have a white Bronco. I don't have a wig, and I don't have cash in my car. We are just going to my office."Watson had coordinated an elaborate plan with his brother to dodge reporters; he would use a decoy and snake through a parking garage. Rackleff had been instructed to park blocks from Bryant's office, because his car could be identified easily, since he was well known in Atlanta law enforcement.When Rackleff sat down with Richard Jewell in the conference room, he later told me, he sensed almost immediately that Jewell was innocent. Rackleff had tested many bombers before, including Walter Moody, who was convicted of killing a federal judge. "They are strange ducks—they leave their attorneys cold," Rackleff said. Although no one knew Rackleff was in the building, more than 100 reporters gathered outside to get a look at Jewell. Inside, Jack Martin, Bryant, Nadya Light, and Jewell spent 12 hours in Bryant's office. Rackleff asked Jewell a series of questions, but the test was inconclusive. "Richard is tormented. He is exploding on the inside," Rackleff said. While he was testing him, CNN's Art Harris was visible through the window of Bryant's office, but he could not see inside. Bryant was thoroughly deflated, close to despair. "You have got to try to buck Richard up," Rackleff told him. "Who is going to buck me up?" Bryant asked.'We are not in missile range of arresting Richard Jewell, but we want him to take our own polygraph," Kent Alexander told Bryant and Jack Martin in their first meeting on the case. In the meantime, Rackleff had tested Jewell again, and he had passed with "no deception," the highest rating. By this time, it was clear that there was no damning evidence against Jewell discovered at the apartment or in his old house in Habersham County.Alexander was only 38, but he had been groomed for politics in a fancy local family. His father was a senior partner in a good Atlanta law firm, and he had worked as an intern for Senator Sam Nunn. Bryant worried about Alexander's lack of experience, but Alexander told colleagues that he was disturbed by the lack of substantial evidence against Jewell. He was trying to operate with decency, but he was cautious and had to check every detail with Washington.Bryant, however, didn't trust Alexander; he had had a bad experience with Alexander's predecessor. In 1990, Bryant had almost been put out of business in a tussle with the then U.S. attorney. The local Small Business Administration accused a bank Bryant represented of improper use of funds; the bank blamed Bryant, who was brought before a grand jury and over the next two years almost lost his practice. He spent $50,000 defending himself, and Nadya Light had to take another job, but eventually the case was settled with Bryant's agreeing not to do business with the S.B.A. for 18 months. Bryant had always felt that he had been manhandled by the office. "I learned everything I needed to know about dealing with this office in 1990," Bryant recalled telling Alexander. "No polygraph for Richard."At the meeting, Alexander told Bryant and Martin, "This is all off-the-record. This is a request that is strictly confidential." Weeks later, Louis Freeh came to town to address a breakfast of former F.B.I. agents. Almost immediately, the polygraph request was reported on CNN. "Kent, I thought we had an agreement," Bryant told him. "I cannot control Washington," Alexander said.When two of the bomb-blast victims sued Richard Jewell, Bryant brought in Wood and Grant to handle the civil litigation. Martin opposed the move. He believed in the cone of silence: "Circle the wagons and don't speak." He said that Wood and Grant had a different perspective: Attack, attack, and if you give any quarter, it is a sign of weakness. Martin had been reassured in private by Kent Alexander that Jewell was not in any immediate danger of being arrested, but the team disagreed about press tactics. Martin worked through the Atlanta-establishment back channels; Lin Wood was a rhetoric man. He favored "one big newsbreak a week." "You know who wrote the book Masters of Deceit? J. Edgar Hoover! And that was about the Communist Party in America. So now they have gone from masters of investigation to masters of deceit!" he would routinely tell reporters who called.Three days after Wood and Grant surfaced as the two new civil lawyers, a Ford van with a tinted bubble-shaped window appeared on the top level of the Macy's parking garage which faced the conference-room windows of their offices. According to Wood, the van did not move for 10 days. "We used to sit there and wave at it." Then the lawyers placed a camera in the window, and the next day the vehicle was gone. "For sure that van had laser sound-detecting equipment," Wood said.Jewell was annoyed that press descriptions of him always emphasized his "overzealousness"; he considers himself a man of details. Often, when he's watching movies at home, he freeze-frames in order to study props in scenes. The second weekend he was considered a suspect, he told me, "I walked in and I noticed white powder all over the telephone table in the conference room." It was a Saturday morning, and Jewell had been with his lawyers until late the night before. He told me he was convinced that the F.B.I. "had lifted a ceiling tile," and that the white powder was "dust that came down." Bryant and Jewell made light of it and did not sweep their phones, believing that any tap the F.B.I. would use would be of a laser or satellite variety and impossible to trace. "In the beginning of every conversation, Watson would curse for about a minute and tell them what lowlives they were. And then he would say, 'By the way, this is Richard's lawyer. Y'all can cut your tape players off,"' Jewell said. "I would call them dirty scumbags," said Bryant. But the local U.S. attorney, Kent Alexander, insisted that their phones were not tapped. "There are no wiretap warrants," he said.The F.B.I. did turn up one bit of potentially troublesome evidence in the Jewells' apartment—fragments of a fence that had been blown up in the explosion. After a telephone conversation with Watson Bryant, Kathy Scruggs quoted him saying, "Yes, he did have a sample of the blown-up bomb." Bryant accused her of egregiously misquoting him. He remembered saying to her, "Yes, Richard had souvenirs of the bombing." Scruggs had not taped their conversation. "She cut the 'ing' off of 'bomb,'" Bryant later told me, but Scruggs strongly denies this. The day the story broke, Bryant criticized Scruggs on local radio. That afternoon she appeared at his office to attempt to clear up the misunderstanding. "I don't like your reporting," Bryant recalled telling her. "I'm human, too," she said. The next day, Ron Martz inserted a quote from Bryant in an unrelated news story: "Oh, man, it's not even a scrap of the bomb—it's a piece of damned fence, for God's sake." But the quote would have little impact. Scruggs's version had been picked up; gathering force, it was eventually related by Bill Press on Crossfire on the evening of October 28: "The guy was seen with a homemade bomb at his home a few days before." (The next day CNN would be forced to apologize for the mistake.)By this time Bryant had grown enraged by the media coverage. The New York Post had called Jewell "a Village Rambo" and "a fat, failed former sheriff's deputy." Jay Leno had said that Jewell "had a scary resemblance to the guy who whacked Nancy Kerrigan," and asked, "What is it about the Olympic Games that brings out big fat stupid guys?" The A.J. C. s star columnist, Dave Kindred, had compared Jewell to serial murderer Wayne Williams: "Like this one, that suspect was drawn to the blue lights and sirens of police work. Like this one, he became famous in the aftermath of murder."Television journalism was also a revelation to Bryant; he felt he had "landed on Mars," and spent hours channel-surfing. On CNN, one criminologist said "it was possible" that Jewell had a hero complex. Bryant told his brother, Bruce, "I know I am going to sue someone. I just don't know who." Bruce Bryant searched for Jewell's name on the Internet three weeks into his ordeal and found 10,000 stories. The tone many of the journalists took was accusatory and pre-determined, with a few rare exceptions, such as that of CBS correspondent Jim Stewart. "Don't jump to any conclusion yet," he said sharply in a broadcast at the height of the frenzy.In his first week as Jewell's lawyer, Bryant went to the CNN studio to be interviewed by Larry King. After the broadcast, he was asked to stop in at the office of CNN president Tom Johnson. "They wanted to know what I thought of their reporting so far." Art Harris was in the room. "I turned around and I said to Art Harris, 'Who the hell are you and the rest of the media to make fun of how Richard Jewell and his mother live? Who are you to make fun of working people who live in a $470-a-month apartment? Is there something wrong with that? Who are you to say that he is a weirdo because he lives with his mother?' "According to Jack Martin, the F.B.I. spent weeks on one erroneous early theory—that Richard Jewell was an enraged homosexual cop-hater who had been aided in the bombing by his lover. Jewell had purportedly planted the bomb; the lover then made the 911 phone call warning that it would go off in Centennial Park. The rationale behind this idea was that Jewell was "mad at the cops and wanted to kill other cops," Martin told me.The rumor began at Piedmont College, perhaps invented by several of the students Jewell had turned in for smoking pot, but it had a chilling consequence. In mid-August, three agents appeared at the Curtis Mathes video store in Cornelia, where Chris Simmons, a senior at Piedmont, worked part-time. Simmons, a friend of Jewell's, who was engaged to be married, was a B student, but he displayed the same porcine blankness as Jewell and spoke in a slow drawl. He had a deep distrust of the government and carried a card in his pocket that read: CHRISTOPHER DWAYNE SIMMONS-CAMPAIGN SUPPORT FOR CONSERVATIVE CANDIDATES.The agents questioned Simmons in the store for one and a half hours. "They asked me if I was a homosexual. They asked me if I had accessed the Internet. . . . They later wanted to wire me. They said, 'If he is really a hero, we will find out, and if not, he has killed someone and injured a lot of people.' " Simmons was short with the agents and denied everything. They accused him of lying and said they could take him to Atlanta. The agents told someone Simmons had once worked with that Simmons might be involved in the bombing. "They kept wording questions differently. They kept saying: Do you think Richard Jewell could have done this if he believed that he could get people out in time and nobody would get hurt?" Simmons later called one of the F.B.I. agents and said, "I hear you don't believe my story." He recalled their conversation: " 'I think you are sugarcoating your answers,' he said. I said, 'Next time I talk with you, it will be with a lawyer.' And he asked me if I was threatening him. Then he hung up on me." Ultimately, Simmons volunteered to take a polygraph, which he says he passed. "I was a nervous wreck," he said. "I had only seen this on TV."What was not known outside a small circle of investigators was how deadly the Centennial Park bomb really was. It was well constructed, with a piece of metal shaped like a V, and inside, it had canisters filled with nails and screws. Jack Martin, who had spent time in Vietnam, compared its construction to that of a claymore mine, a sophisticated and lethal device. The bomb weighed more than 40 pounds. It was "a shaped charge," F.B.I. deputy director Weldon Kennedy would announce in December. It could blast out fragments from three separate canisters, but only one of the canisters exploded on July 27. Someone had moved the Alice pack slightly before the bomb detonated, causing most of the shrapnel to shoot into the sky. The composition of the bomb did not suggest the work of an amateur, Kathy Scruggs would ironically later report, after interviewing an A.T.F. chemist.As the weeks went by, Richard Jewell withdrew into a state of psychological limbo; he began to try to analyze what the agents might think of his behavior within the small apartment. "I would be watching a spy show on TV or something like a John Wayne movie. Someone would be talking about blowing something up, and I would think to myself, My God, that is going to sound really bad if they think I am listening to that." He worried that "they would think I was some kind of a nut," and often, when he could not sleep, he would find himself consciously switching to exercise videos and soap operas.Over Labor Day weekend, he drove up to Habersham County for a picnic with his ex-girlfriend's family, the Chastains. As usual, three F.B.I. cars followed him, but he had gotten adept at picking out the unmarked vehicles. As Jewell drove into town, he noticed that white ribbons hung from hundreds of trees; the Chastains had organized a campaign in his behalf. On the way home, Jewell drove with his friend Dave Dutchess. For the first time, he did not see an F.B.I. car following him, but he noticed an airplane flying low overhead. He drove another 20 miles, and the plane was still on him. "I said, 'Dave, do you think the F.B.I. would be following us in an airplane? It wouldn't be that hard to do, if they put some kind of beeper on the car.'" The plane followed them through Gainesville all the way to Atlanta—an hour's drive. "Just to make sure, we got off on an exit ramp and went about five miles back north. And I got out and took a picture. They followed us all the way back to the apartment! And they circled the apartment for about 15 minutes, until the F.B.I. car showed back up. I got very emotional. My cheeks got beet red. And Mom came home and said, 'What is going on? What is the matter?' It just destroyed the whole day."On September 2, Dave Dutchess and his fiancee, Beatty, were driving to their house in Tennessee. It was raining hard, and they noticed they were being followed by several F.B.I. cars. The storm grew worse, and they stopped at a hotel for the night. The next day, while getting coffee at a McDonald's, they were surrounded by F.B.I. agents. "We just want to talk to you. We are trying to be discreet." One agent, Dutchess recalled, spoke into his radio: "We have the suspect in hand." As they walked back toward their car, Dutchess said to Beatty, "They think I am his accomplice. I heard on the news they were looking for his accomplice!"After the interview, which lasted several hours, Dutchess spoke to Watson Bryant. "What did they ask you that concerns you?" Bryant asked him. "Well, I decided that I had to tell them the truth. Me and one of my friends used to set off pipe bombs for fun," Dutchess told him. "What?" Bryant exclaimed, incredulous. "Yeah, I told them we liked to throw pipe bombs down gopher holes when we lived out in West Virginia.""Did Richard know this friend?" Bryant asked apprehensively. "Hell, no. He never met him," Dutchess said, but Bryant knew that this could prolong the F.B.I.'s investigation perhaps by months. "I hung up and I was thinking, I cannot believe that I even know anyone who throws pipe bombs into gopher holes."As part of their strategy, Wood and Grant decided to mount a strong counterattack against the government. Wayne Grant had come up with the idea: Bobi Jewell should hold a press conference during the Democratic convention and make a direct plea to Bill Clinton. The day before she was to appear, Grant rehearsed her. It was difficult to work with Bobi; she was exhausted and could not stop crying. Confined under siege for almost a month, she could not see an end to it, since every day brought a new humiliation. The resident manager had threatened to take away their lease, and the manager's son was out selling pictures he took of them. A close friend from church was dying, Bobi said, and Richard could not go to see him, because of the swarm of F.B.I. agents and reporters who followed him everywhere. All of it came out in a rush in the conference room with Wayne Grant: Bobi had even had to give Bryant and Nadya Light the Olympic-basketball tickets she had won as colleague of the year, and every night she and her son were stuck together, staring at each other across the kitchen table. They were often irritable, and Richard sometimes lost his temper. "Mother, just shut up," he would tell her when she nagged him about the case. Then, Bobi later recalled, she would go into her bedroom and lie on the four-poster bed hoping that the photographers who rented an apartment across the way for $1,000 a day had no way of knowing what was going on.Grant kept careful notes on the session. Bobi was terrified about appearing in front of cameras. She sobbed and told him, "If I go on TV Monday, I'll be embarrassed. It will be, like, whenever I go anywhere, people will be looking at me: 'Did he do it or didn't he do it?' ""If you talked to the person who is in charge of the investigation, what would you say?" Grant asked her calmly. Bobi's voice was halting, but she was firm: "He is innocent. Clear his name and let us get back to a life that is normal."A few weeks later, Wayne Grant went to a party for a Bar Mitzvah, and a guest cornered him. She asked him if he had told Bobi Jewell to cry at the end of her press conference, and then added coldly, "Nice touch."The lawyers' strategy worked: after Bobi's press conference, the Jewells were deluged with interview requests. Bryant often received 100 phone calls a day. Bobi soon developed a system: letters from Oprah Winfrey, Sally Jessy Raphael, and TV producers were stacked on the console in the living room; flowers and baskets of Godiva chocolates and cheese and crackers from the networks were sent to the offices of Wood & Grant and then on to a children's hospital.At the U.S. Attorney's Office, it had become increasingly clear to Kent Alexander that something had to be done about Richard Jewell. Janet Reno had seen Bobi Jewell on TV and was moved by her sincerity. Privately, Reno and Deputy Attorney General Jamie Gorelick were said to be concerned about the heavy-handed tactics of the F.B.I. "The case had become a total embarrassment," a Justice Department official told me, but Alexander was in a complicated situation. He was working closely with the F.B.I., and there was no sign that the bureau was ready to let go, despite growing consternation among the local agents that the Washington command center had mishandled the case. And there was another problem: Alexander did not trust Lin Wood.By late September, there was a tremendous strain within the team Bryant had hastily assembled. The other lawyers accused Jack Martin of cutting private deals with his friend Kent Alexander, pulling focus, and not being tough enough. For his part, Alexander, according to Martin, admired Bryant even though he believed he was a loose cannon, but he was fed up with Lin Wood."Alexander would say something fairly candid to me, and I would report it to the attorneys, and the next day he would see it on TV," said Jack Martin. "Alexander had checked out Lin, and he knew that he was a take-no-prisoners guy." The lawyers often argued among themselves. Wood insisted on a full-blowout press-attack strategy. Bryant had mastered his sound bite: "The F.B.I. is a 500-pound gorilla who will kick the shit out of anyone." Martin wanted the lawyers to ease up on the hyperbole: "I would say, 'We do not need to do this.' And Lin would say, 'Let's go public with this.' He was manic about it." In one argument, Wood told him, "Goddamn it, Martin, you're like my ex-wives. There isn't anything you can say I won't object to."There was an atmosphere of extreme apprehension between Bryant and Jewell as they drove to F.B.I. headquarters on the afternoon of October 6. They were on their way to what would seemingly be a session with conclusional overtones, but Jewell was worried: What if this meeting was a trick? It was difficult to believe that the bureau was really ending its two-month-long investigation into his life. For weeks, Jack Martin and Bryant had been going back and forth with Kent Alexander. Finally, Jewell had agreed to an unusual suggestion: if he submitted to a lengthy voluntary interview with the bureau, and if Division 5 was satisfied, then perhaps the Justice Department could issue a letter publicly stating that he was no longer a suspect. Jewell tried to imagine the questions he would be asked. "I wanted to look at everything from their angle," he told me, "trying to assess it and reassess it in my head."On the day of Jewell's exoneration, Jay Leno apologized for having called him a Unadoofus.Kent Alexander had set a firm ground rule: Only one lawyer representing Jewell could be in the room. It had been agreed that Jack Martin, the criminal specialist, would be the man, which enraged Lin Wood. "You could really see how these guys did not like each other," Jewell said."I am not comfortable with the one-lawyer agreement," Wood told John Davis, Kent Alexander's second-in-command, when they were assembled. "We have an agreement. If you attempt to renegotiate it, I will have egg on my face," Davis said, adding, "You are not a man of your word." With that, Wood recalled, he rose from his chair and started screaming, "You are not going to say that to me, you son of a bitch!" Kent Alexander interrupted, saying, "This is deteriorating. We aim to stop this. Let's just regroup."When Jewell, Davis, and Martin finally sat down for the interview, Larry Landers, a special agent with the G.B.I., and F.B.I. special agent Bill Lewis had lists of questions with blank space for answers in front of them. On the wall of the windowless room, there were extensive aerial photographs of the park and, as a prop, an actual park bench was later brought in. Martin believed that the agents intended to resolve areas in the affidavits and other questions: Had Richard ever accessed Candyman's Candyland for information on the Anarchists' Cookbook? Had Richard picked up any pieces of pipe when the park was under construction? Had he told anyone, "Take my picture now, because I am going to be famous"? None of this had happened, Jewell said. All he could remember telling someone was that he was off to Atlanta and "going to be in that mess down there," meaning the traffic jams. They pressed him about seemingly inconsistent statements he had made on the morning of the bombing: Why had he told Agent Poor everything was normal when he checked the perimeter of the fence? Jewell explained that he had been walking the "inside of the fence." He once again explained that he had wanted to work the sound-and-light tower so that he could watch the entertainment; he had arranged for his mother to hear Kenny Rogers four days before the explosion.The area, he told Landers, was "a sweet site" and a great place to look at girls. During a break, Martin asked about all his references to women. Jewell said he wanted them to know he wasn't gay. On several occasions, Landers became annoyed: Why couldn't Jewell pin down the times? Had he seen the drunks on the bench between 10:30 and 11 or between 11 and 11:30? Why hadn't he looked at his watch? Jewell later recalled, "I said, 'I don't go through my life looking at my watch. I don't care about time. When the bomb went off, I did not look at my watch.' They were wanting to know what time I went to the bathroom and stuff like that. When you have the runs, you are not really concerned about what time it is. You are concerned with getting to the bathroom."On the day after the F.B.I. meeting, Jack Martin dictated a 27-page account of everything that had been said during the six-hour interview. In the last moments, Davis said, "he wanted to give Richard the opportunity once and for all to say that he didn't do it." Jewell, Martin wrote, "unequivocally and fortunately said that he had nothing to do with the bomb and didn't know anything about the bomb and if he did he would be the first to deliver the bastard to their door." When Martin walked out, he thought to himself, This really was a formality. They had nothing.In November a rumor swept through the newsroom of The A.J.C. that Cox newspaper executives were rethinking their news policies. According to one reporter, "The sloppiness of the Jewell reporting and the lack of sources was the last straw." A reporter named Carrie Teegardin was assigned to write a piece examining how the media spotlight was turned on Richard Jewell. In large part, her article wound up being an examination of the role of The A.J.C. After Wood and Grant threatened to sue, the article was killed. "We didn't get through the editing of it," John Walter said. "The Jewells' attorney began saying, 'We're thinking lawsuit' . . . and that made us more cautious." Meanwhile, Lin Wood and Wayne Grant were busy holding meetings with lawyers from NBC and Piedmont College. At NBC, Tom Brokaw's carelessness reportedly cost the network more than $500,000 to settle Jewell's claims, although Jewell's lawyers would not confirm a figure, BROKAW GOOFED AND NBC PAID, the New York Daily News would later headline. In talks with Ray Cleere, the figure of $450,000 by way of settlement was first suggested, then withdrawn when Piedmont College learned that it had insurance. "This will cost them millions now," Lin Wood believes.On one occasion I asked Richard Jewell if he had any theories about who might have placed the bomb. Jewell said he had popped "two or three theories off the top of my head" on the night he was interviewed by the F.B.I. "I have gone over that night hundreds of times in my head. You try to think, What type of person would do that? I know it is someone who wanted to hurt people. It is someone who is sick. I hope they find him so he can get the help he needs. Because I am totally torn up about what happened. Every day I think about it, and I will think about it for the rest of my life."Jewell often speaks with Bryant three times a day. As Jewell searches for a new job, he hangs around Bryant's office, and he recently studied handwriting analysis at the police academy. He has been offered several security jobs with Georgia companies, but he is hoping he will be hired as a Cobb County deputy. In the meantime, Bryant, Wood, and Grant have become sought-after speakers on the First Amendment.At F.B.I. headquarters in late October, Bobi Jewell broke down and cried as she identified their possessions—the Disney tapes, the Tupperware, Richard's AT&T uniforms, address books. It was a tableau of ordinary middle-class life, laid out on brown paper on a long conference-room table. "I just don't fucking believe this," Watson Bryant said angrily as he packed Bobi's videos into packing crates. "The agents tried to shake my hand," Bobi told me. "I wouldn't touch them." It took 10 hours to remove their possessions, Bobi recalled, and four minutes to return them.The F.B.I. is working on a new and elaborate theory of who did place the bomb in Centennial Park. There is an informed opinion that the backpack discovered a week earlier had in fact been a test run to check F.B.I. procedures, and that the bomber—perhaps a member of a militia group—was quite experienced and had struck before. After a torrent of criticism in the press, Louis Freeh announced that the F.B.I. had arrested Harold Nicholson, an alleged spy for Russia, and he used the opportunity to appear on the Today show and Good Morning America, hyping his role in what was a minor arrest, according to one former F.B.I. agent.In Australia in November, Bill Clinton was asked about his campaign contributions from Indonesia. "One of the things I would urge you to do, remembering what happened to Mr. Jewell in Atlanta, remembering what has happened to so many of the accusations . . . that have been made against me that turned out to be totally baseless, I just think that we ought to . . . get the facts out." When Jewell learned of his comment, he pulled up the transcript from the Internet and became angry: "The president is just using me, like everyone else."What rights does a private citizen have against the government? The legal precedent for suing the F.B.I., Bivens v. Six Unknown Agents, focuses on the behavior of individual agents. Wood believes that Jewell has a strong case against Johnson and Rosario. When Wood learned of Colonel Ressler, he hired him as a possible trial expert. In December, the F.B.I. announced that it would pay up to $500,000 to anyone who could lead it to the Olympic Park bomber.As Jewell and I drove back from Habersham County in November, he went over the early-morning hours of July 27: "I remember all of the people who were my responsibility. I remember the guys' faces who were flying through the air. I remember people screaming. The sirens going off. I don't think I will ever forget any of that. You just kind of wish sometimes. You think, Could I have done something else? . . . What if we only had five more minutes? Then maybe nobody would have been hurt. But you are what-if-ing. I have been over it a thousand times. I think we could not have done it any better. I think that is something I will always be wondering."He said he was not sure if he would ever get a job in law enforcement again, particularly since he had been held up as a cartoon figure. On the day of Jewell's exoneration, Jay Leno apologized for having called him a Unadoofus, and said, "If Jewell wins his lawsuit with NBC, he will be my new boss." He later said that this was "the greatest week in trailer-park history." The Atlanta radio station 96 Rock had put billboards of Jewell all over town; "Freebird," they said, a reference to the Lynyrd Skynyrd song. Jewell would later file suit against the station, but the billboard's message was clear. Jewell knows that for many people in America there will perhaps always be a subtle doubt: What if, after all, Richard Jewell really did do it? What if the government let him go simply because it could not make its case? Then he becomes not the innocent Richard Jewell, but the Richard Jewell who may be innocent. "You don't get back what you were originally," he told me. "I don't think I will ever get that back. The first three days, I was supposedly their hero—the person who saves lives. They don't refer to me that way anymore. Now I am the Olympic Park bombing suspect. That's the guy they thought did it. " February 1997 | Vanity Fair

疫情在北美持续爆发， 整个电影行业都面临着停工， 有些电影的上映被无限延期， 有些电影选择跳过院线，直接转向了流媒体。

在有限的选择中，有一部今年必看的美国电影 ---《理查德·朱维尔的哀歌》

理查德·朱维尔的哀歌 (2019)8.22019 / 美国 / 剧情 传记 犯罪 / 克林特·伊斯特伍德 / 保罗·沃尔特·豪泽 山姆·洛克威尔

电影海报今年已经九十岁的导演克林特·伊斯特伍德可以说是当代劳模， 依然有着旺盛的创作欲， 在拍出了《美国狙击手》、《萨利机长》、《15时17分，启程巴黎》一系列根据真实事件改编的电影之后， 把目光投向了矛盾更为激烈的1996年美国亚特兰大爆炸案， 影片在去年12月上映之后占领了北美圣诞档，在观众中收获了极高的评价，获得了烂番茄77%的新鲜度和96%的爆米花指数。

rottentomatoes.com今年1月又在内地院线上映，至今保持着豆瓣8.2的高分， 这部根据真实事件改编的电影，到底有什么特别之处？

故事是基于美国调查记者玛丽·布伦纳于1997年发表在著名生活杂志《名利场》上的同名报告文学《理查德·朱维尔的哀歌》，

报告文学《理查德·朱维尔的哀歌》 主人公理查德·朱维尔是亚特兰大奥林匹克公园的一名普通保安， 在巡逻时发现了可疑的背包， 于是立刻组织疏散人群， 避免了更大规模的的人员伤亡， 于是，朱维尔一夜之间成为了英雄， 但是，为什么要叫「哀歌」呢？

不幸的是，没过几天，他就从人人称颂的英雄变成了爆炸案主谋的嫌疑人。

而这一切的源头就是FBI对理查德的调查和怀疑， 由演员保罗·沃尔特·豪泽 (Paul Walter Hauser)饰演的理查德，表面上看起来憨厚老实，其实性格和生活上有很多问题， 比如，曾因为肥胖被歧视、和母亲同住、制作过炸药、幻想成为警察等等，

理查德（保罗·豪泽饰）而此时毫无头绪，找不到任何嫌疑人的FBI探员， 在没有任何证据的情况下， 仅凭犯罪侧写就把他锁定成了头号嫌疑人， 开始自圆其说，过度解读他的一举一动， 比如， 他没有足够的时间从电话亭回到公园，所以一定有同伙， 为了破案，执法者究竟还做了些什么呢？

就算之后知道了他是清白的，仍然将错就错， 千方百计诱导他签字、录音， 甚至把正在调查朱维尔的信息走漏给了记者，

就这样，导致后续事件滚雪球般迅速发酵， 为了报纸头条可以不顾一切的记者凯西·斯克鲁格斯， 不仅侵犯了朱维尔的隐私，检查他的税务记录， 还曝光了他曾经收到过的处罚，从而借题发挥， 引发了各路媒体对他的妄加猜测， 甚至日夜围堵在理查德家门口，对他和母亲的人身自由造成巨大的威胁， 记者凯西收获了全报社的掌声， 却为了制造热点把朱维尔推向风口浪尖。

「反转」比「英雄」更有吸引力， 所以真相真的重要吗？

在媒体飞速发展的当下， 一件小事可以被无限放大， 媒体为了引导舆论可以不择手段， 而舆论也严重影响了人们对一件事情的判断， 媒体，无疑成为这场冤案的最大助推手， 也成就了这个时代的哀歌。

朱维尔原型 影片的特别之处在于， 把重心放在了主角朱维尔在事件发生后的经历， 情节紧扣他矛盾的性格和跌宕的际遇， 朱维尔并没有在爆炸中受伤，却成为了第113个受害者， 然而，在权力和舆论的双重打击下， 始终坚持着他的人生观，努力捍卫自己的正义， 最终，以一人之力对抗强大的舆论力量。

影片结尾以朱维尔振奋人心的发布会演讲， 展现了一场非常强有力的反击。

电影把每个角色都塑造得丰满立体， 朱维尔最后能成功证明自己的清白， 还少不了辩护律师沃森·布莱恩特和自己母亲的帮助。

律师沃森（山姆·洛克威尔饰）与朱维尔不同， 他一开始就对调查人员毫无信任，甚至对司法系统感到愤怒， 影片也有他威胁FBI探员、去找记者理论的场景， 而他办公室反复出现的“I fear government more than I fear terrorism.” （相比恐怖主义，我更害怕政府）也似乎暗示了导演想要表达的主题。

律师沃森 他对朱维尔的信任和追求真相的精神， 也让他成为朱维尔在舆论爆发之后唯一的希望， 在他的建议下，朱维尔还顺利通过了测谎仪的检测， 最终实现了自我成长。

奥斯卡得主山姆·洛克威尔施展出作为演员的可塑性， 在律师这个角色上展现了惊人的魅力。

同样作为“老戏骨”的凯西·贝茨也发挥了绝佳演技， 她扮演的母亲波比·朱维尔（凯西·贝茨饰）作为爆炸案的第114个受害者， 始终相信并支持着朱维尔 --“我不知道如何保护你”， 发布会上为朱维尔辩护的发言也让人动容， 她也因为这个角色拿到了2020年奥斯卡最佳女配角的提名。

再说影像风格， 影片运用连贯性剪辑， 给人流畅、舒适的观感， 同时利用了光影， 比如， 在朱维尔、律师和两名FBI探员同时出现的镜头中， 灯光主要关照的是朱维尔和律师， 让观众更集中关注场景中重要的焦点，

有趣的光影而此时，探员一面逐渐模糊，处于画面的次要位置， 这一段也是朱维尔第一次对FBI探员进行反击。

拍摄这部影片时已近九十岁的伊斯特伍德， 以平稳的拍摄手法有效地传达影片主题， 观点犀利，态度明确， 就像平静中给人的一记重拳， 借朱维尔这个角色， 无情地指出新闻媒体和执法机构在“舆论法庭”中扮演的不光彩角色， 映射整个现实社会，有着强有力的现实意义。

理查德·朱维尔的哀歌， 不仅仅在于他作为个体被侵犯的尊严， 甚至即使这样依然选择屈服， 更在于当下被媒体、公权所扭曲事实，蒙蔽双眼的整个社会。

经历了88天后，FBI正式终止了对朱维尔的调查， 而最后的最后， 真凶也浮出水面， 爆炸案的真实起因， 其实是基督教恐怖主义成员埃里克·鲁道夫， 为了表达对克林顿在堕胎议题上立场的不满， 安置炸弹企图阻止奥运会的进行。

而此时早已没有媒体的身影， 失去热度的真相已无人关心。

这个社会， 只有掌握了话语权的小部分人才说了算， 就像电影最后理查德所说的，

那么同理，到底还该不该去扶摔倒的老人呢？

1996年亚特兰大奥运会见证了美国无与伦比的大型活动的操办能力，却也是无数安保人员和志愿者的奉献才筑造了一场经典的奥运会，而理查德朱维尔事件所映射出的，是这个社会浮躁肤浅的表面，是那些为了博人眼球丝毫没有下线的媒体，是那些为了业绩和压力企图逼良为娼杀良冒功的执法人员……《理查德朱维尔的哀歌》是绝对的真实事件，而其中媒体和FBI的所作所为很难不让人气愤，一个兢兢业业的安保人员及时发现危险，本应该是英雄，却莫名其妙被所谓虚无的侧写形象冤枉成为罪犯，同类型的电影还让我想到了《萨利机长》，这样的悲剧发生，只能说明社会对于公理正义的追求仍然有待提高……还是会被山姆洛克威尔那该死的痞帅魅力所折服，虽然戏份一般，但是仍然够帅！